中医药是中华文化的瑰宝,是包括汉族和少数民族医药在内的我国各民族医药的统称。古人在生命缘起、人体健康、养生寿老、防病治病、疾病康复等不同阶段,具有独特的理论认知体系和疾病治疗体系。因其历史悠久,使用广泛,为中华人民健康做出了巨大贡献。
在理论认识上,中医学对人体生命活动和疾病变化规律的理论包括阴阳、五行、八纲、脏象、经络、病因、病机、诊法、辨证、治法、预防、养生等内容。
在临床诊疗上,中医学对疾病的分科虽然没有特别详细,但大致也可以分为中医内科、中医外科、中医妇科、中医儿科、中医眼科等。《金匮要略》《中藏经》《外科正宗》《济阴纲目》《小儿药证直诀》《秘传眼科龙木论》等都是古代医家的临床分科代表作。《史记·扁鹊仓公列传》也记载了当时疾病分科的朴素理念,“扁鹊名闻天下,过邯郸,闻贵妇人,即为带下医;过雒阳,闻周人爱老人,即为耳目痹医;来入咸阳,闻秦人爱小儿,即为小儿医,随俗为变。”
在诊疗方法上,中医药学中既有药物疗法,包括中药、经典名方,以及现代常用的中成药剂型,又包括针刺、太极、八段锦、五禽戏、气功、艾灸、拔罐、刮痧在内的非药物疗法。
近年来,青蒿素治疗疟疾,三氧化二砷治疗白血病,太极拳治疗高血压,麻仁丸治疗便秘,针刺治疗压力性尿失禁等逐渐受到国际主流医学和权威杂志的认可。我们将在本书中,以图文并茂的方式和通俗易懂的语言介绍常见疾病的中医认识及治疗手段,展示中医药的疗效证据。希望本书的出版能够为科普中医药的临床治疗理念,推进中医药的国际化进程,贡献出一份力量。
限于编写水平,本书难免有不尽如人意之处,望各位读者对本书的缺点和错误及时指正,以便我们勘误或再版时更正,敬请各位不吝赐教。
《中医诊疗》编写委员会
2023 年6 月
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is thetreasure of Chinese culture, and it is the generalname of all ethnic medicines in China, includingHan nationality and ethnic minority medicines. Theancients had unique theoretical cognitive systemand disease treatment system in different stages,such as life origin, human health, health preservationand living a long life, preventing and treatingdiseases, and recovery from diseases. Because of itslong history and wide use, it has made significantcontributions to the health of the Chinese people.
The theories of TCM on human life activitiesand disease changes include yin and yang, fiveelements, eight principles, visceral manifestations,meridians, etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosticmethod, syndrome differentiation, method oftreatment, prevention, health preservation, and soon.
In clinical diagnosis and treatment, although theclassification of diseases in TCM is not particularlydetailed, it can be roughly divided into internalmedicine of TCM, surgery of TCM, gynecology ofTCM, pediatrics of TCM, ophthalmology of TCM, andso on. Synopsis of Golden Chamber, The TreasuredClassics, Orthodox Manual of External Diseases,Outline for Women’s Diseases, Key to Therapeutics ofChildren’s Diseases, and Nagarjuna’s OphthalmologySecretly Handed Down are all representative worksof disease classifi cation of ancient doctors. HistoricalRecords–Bianque Canggong Liezhuan also recordedthe simple concept of disease classification at thattime:“Bianque is famous all over the world. Whenhe arrived in Handan, he heard that the people ofthe State of Zhao respected women, so he becamea gynecologist. When he arrived in Luoyang,he heard that the people of the Zhou Dynastyrespected the elderly, so he became a geriatrician.When he arrived in Xianyang, he heard that thepeople of Qin loved their children, so he becamea pediatrician. He always changed the emphasis ofhis practice of medicine as customs changed.”
In terms of diagnosis and treatment methods,there are not only medicine therapies, includingChinese medicinals, classic prescriptions, and moderncommonly used dosage forms of Chinese patentmedicine, but also non-medicine therapies, includingacupuncture, Tai Chi, Baduanjin, Wuqinxi, Qigong,moxibustion, cupping, and scraping.
In recent years, artemisinin for malaria, arsenictrioxide for leukemia, Tai Chi for hypertension,Maren Pill for constipation, and acupuncture forstress urinary incontinence have been graduallyrecognized by international mainstream medicineand authoritative journals. Therefore, in the book,we focus on how TCM understands and treatsthe most common diseases. Through the forms ofillustrations and plain language, the evidence of theefficacy of TCM is shown. The publication of thisbook is expected to contribute to popularizing theclinical treatment concept of TCM and promotingthe internationalization of TCM by summarizing thelatest curative effect evidence.
Due to limitation of knowledge, there willinevitably be some unsatisfactory points. We hopereaders can correct the shortcomings and mistakes ofthis book in time, so we can revise them when we makeerrata or reprint them. Please give us your advice.
Editorial Board of
TCM Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment
June 2023