胡翠娥，女，1970年5月生，江西省靖安县人，南开大学文学学士（1992），南开大学文学硕士（1997），南开大学翻译学博士（2003），现为南开大学外国语学院教授，博士生导师，翻译系主任。研究方向：中西翻译史与中西文化。著有《文学翻译与文化参与——晚清小说翻译的文化研究》（上海外语教育出版社2007年，获2005-07上海市图书奖。）和《翻译的“政治”——现代文坛的翻译论争与文学文化论争》（人民文学出版社，2016年）。汉译英著作包括Empirical Study on Income Inequality of Chinese Residents，（周云波著，胡翠娥译，施普林格出版社2012年）、An Introduction to Chinese Birth Year Symbols: Dragon （胡翠娥译，世界出版西安公司，2012年），英译汉著作有《世界思想史》（彼得?沃森著，胡翠娥译，南京译林出版社2017年）。在《中国翻译》、《外国语》、《中国比较文学》、《新文学史料》、《外语与外语教学》、《南开学报》等学术刊物上发表数十篇学术论文，主持国家社科基金项目一项“现代文坛的翻译论争与文学、文化论争
目錄：
Part One
The Ancient World
(3000 BC–500 AD)
Chapter 1 Civilization in Mesopotamia2
1 The Earliest Cities and Empires2
2 Society， Culture， and Religion in Mesopotamia3
3 The Hebrews and Their Religion4
4 The Phoenicians6
Chapter 2 The Civilization of the Greeks9
1 Early Greece: Minoan Crete and Mycenaean Civilization9
2 The Archaic Age of Greek City-States (c 750 BC–c 500 BC)10
3 Classical Greece (500 BC–338 BC)13
4 Culture in Classical Greece14
Chapter 3 The Hellenistic World27
1 Conquest of Alexander27
2 Life in Hellenistic World27
3 Religion and Philosophy29
4 Science in Alexandria30
Chapter 4 The Rise and Fall of Rome33
1 Roman Republic33
2 Roman Empire35
3 The Fall of Roman Empire37
4 Literature and Historiography40
5 Science and Medicine42
6 The Rise and Development of Christianity43
Part Two
Medieval Civilization
500–1300
Chapter 5 The Germanic Kingdoms51
1 The Ostrogothic Kingdom in Italy51
2 The Visigothic Kingdom in Spain51
3 The Vandals’ Kingdom in Carthage52
4 The Frankish Kingdom52
5 Anglo-Saxon England53
Chapter 6 The Byzantine Empire55
1 The Reign of Justinian (527–565)55
2 From Eastern Roman to Byzantine Empire55
3 Byzantine Culture56
Chapter 7 The Rise and Expansion of Islam59
1 Mohammed59
2 Arabic Conquests and the Caliphate60
3 The Faith of Islam60
4 The Culture of Islam61
Chapter 8 Remaking of Europe66
1 The World of the Carolingians66
2 The Rise of Western Europe68
3 Central and Eastern Europe of the Slavs70
Chapter 9 Feudal Europe73
1 Feudalism73
2 Growth of Feudal States76
Chapter 10 The Medieval Church82
1 Christian Doctrine82
2 Gregory the Great83
3 Early Church Fathers84
4 Monastic Reform Movements86
5 Investiture Struggle87
6 The Crusades89
Chapter 11 Medieval Culture94
1 The Rise of Universities94
2 Thirteenth-Century Learning95
3 Christian Architecture97
Part Three
Early Modern Europe
1300–1650
Chapter 12 An Age of Discovery and Expansion107
1 Portugal and the African Route108
2 Spain and the Atlantic Route109
3 The Spanish Administration in the New World 111
4 Impact of Expansion 113
Chapter 13 The Renaissance116
1 Renaissance Italy 116
2 The Hundred Years’ War 118
3 New Monarchies 118
4 Humanism122
5 Renaissance Art126
Chapter 14 The Reformation133
1 Decay of the Church133
2 The Awakening Reform Spirit134
3 Political and Social Influence135
4 The Revolt of Luther: “Justification by Faith”136
5 Calvin and the Elect: “Predestination”138
6 Henry Ⅷ and the Church of England139
7 The Roman Catholic Response141
Chapter 15 Politics and Religious Wars146
1 The French Wars of Religion (1562–1598)146
2 Philip Ⅱ’s Spain and the Revolt of the Netherlands147
3 The England of Elizabeth148
4 Thirty Years’ War (1618–1648)150
Chapter 16 Two Systems of State: Absolutism and Constitutional Monarchy154
1 Theory of Absolutism155
2 Absolutism in France: Louis ⅩⅣ 156
3 Absolutism in Germany: Prussia and Austria158
4 Emergence of Russia159
5 England and the Emergence of Constitutional Monarchy160
Chapter 17 The Beginning of Modern Capitalism165
1 New Forms of Business Organization166
2 The Rise of Modern Banking167
3 Mercantilism and Overseas Colonies168
Part Four
The Rise of the Modern West
1600–1850
Chapter 18 Scientific Revolution and the Emergence of Modern Science175
1 Revolution in Astronomy: Copernicus， Kepler， Galileo，and Newton175
2 Advances in Medicine179
3 Scientific Societies and Organizations180
Chapter 19 Emancipation of Philosophy:Empiricism and Skepticism185
1 Michel Eyquem de Montaigne: Skepticism and Religious Tolerance185
2 Francis Bacon: New Approach to Knowledge186
3 René Descartes188
4 John Locke: Tabula Rasa188
5 David Hume: An Outright Skeptic189
Chapter 20 The Intellectual Enlightenment194
1 The Growth of Doubt195
2 Vision of Progress200
3 Culture202
Chapter 21 The Secularization of Political Theory: Social Contract207
1 Thomas Hobbes208
2 Samuel Pufendorf209
3 John Locke209
4 Baruch Spinoza209
5 Jean-Jacques Rousseau 211
Chapter 22 New Developments in Law and Legal Philosophy214
1 The Doctrine of Natural Law214
2 The Rise of International Law215
3 Other Legal Philosophies217
Chapter 23 An Era of Revolution221
1 American Revolution221
2 French Revolution223
Chapter 24 Industrial Revolution231
1 The Mechanization of Industry and Transportation231
2 The Industrial Factory232
3 Spread of Industrial Revolution233
Chapter 25 Utilitarianism and Positivism235
1 Jeremy Bentham235
2 John Stuart Mill237
3 Auguste Comte240
Appendix: Recommended Readings245
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