嵌合抗原受体T细胞免疫疗法(chimeric antigen receptor T cell immunotherapy,简称CAR T细胞疗法)已成为难治复发性非霍奇金淋巴瘤(non-Hodgkin lymphoma,NHL)的重要治疗手段。以CD19为靶点的CAR T细胞用于淋巴瘤的治疗已在欧美及中国地区获批[1],中国CAR T细胞疗法临床研究数量已超过美国[2],
国内新型CAR T细胞研发和应用技术创新(如双靶点CAR T细胞技术、多种CAR T细胞序贯治疗等)也在不断刷新数据[3-11],CAR T细胞用于淋巴瘤的治疗进入常规治疗范畴指日可待。
随着研究的深入和临床应用的拓展,CAR T细胞相关毒副作用及临床的防控管理需要逐步规范。基于2013年以来国内多家淋巴瘤CAR T细胞临床研究中心的已发表文献、研究数据和会议报道,历经国内多个机构专家的反复讨论,针对如何更加规范合理处置CAR T细胞治疗后的毒副作用这一主题,专家形成了初步的共识,并以此为基础,进一步制定了《CAR T细胞治疗NHL毒副作用临床管理路径指导原则》。本指导原则针对CAR T细胞治疗相关的常见细胞因子释放综合征(cytokine release syndrome,CRS)、CAR T细胞相关脑病综合征(CAR T cell-related encephalopathy syndrome,CRES)、噬血细胞性淋巴组织细胞增生症/巨噬细胞活化综合征(hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis/macrophage activation syndrome, HLH/MAS)等毒副作用的临床管理路径进行了重点阐述,除此之外,也包含了CAR T细胞治疗可能出现的其他毒副作用,如感染、肿瘤溶解综合征等的临床管理路径。
本指导原则参照借鉴目前国际上现有的CAR T细胞毒性管理共识[12-17]的同时,更加注重对CAR T细胞治疗NHL过程中出现的特征性毒副作用的识别与防控,如对细胞回输后肿瘤受累部位出现的局灶性炎症,即“局部细胞因子释放综合征(local CRS,L-CRS)”的识别与干预[18]。
本指导原则旨在程度地为临床一线医师判别与处理CAR T细胞治疗NHL过程中出现的毒副作用提供帮助,尽管编者综合了国内在CAR T细胞治疗NHL领域有丰富经验的30余家医疗机构中50余位专家的意见与建议,依然难免有疏漏与不足之处,有待进一步修订和更新,殷请各位医疗同道惠予指正,谨致谢意。
本书编委会
2021年10月
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