亨利·戴维·梭罗（Henry David Thoreau，1817－1862），美国早期文坛巨匠，超验主义哲学先驱。代表作为散文集《瓦尔登湖》和论文《论公民的不服从权利》等。梭罗的全部书本、散文、日记和诗集合起来有二十册，其中他阐述了研究环境史和生态学的发现和方法，对自然书写的影响甚远，也奠定了现代环境保护主义。他的文体风格结合了对大自然的关怀、个人体验、象征手法和历史传说，善感敏锐，且富于诗意。梭罗一生都是废奴主义者，他到处演讲倡导废奴，并抨击逃亡奴隶法。他留给后世的作品影响了很多名人，包括像圣雄甘地、约翰·肯尼迪和马丁·路德·金这样的政治家，还有俄国文学泰斗托尔斯泰。
目錄：
CONTENTS
Economy………………………………………………………………1
Where I Lived, and What I Lived For……………………………… 56
Reading .…………………………………………………………… 69
Sounds…………………………………………………………… 77
Solitude ..…………………………………………………………… 90
Visitors ..…………………………………………………………… 98
The Bean-Field ..……………………………………………………109
The Village.…………………………………………………………118
The Ponds ..…………………………………………………………123
Baker Farm…………………………………………………………142
Higher Laws ..………………………………………………………149
Brute Neighbors.……………………………………………………158
House-Warming .……………………………………………………168
Former Inhabitants and Winter Visitors……………………………181
Winter Animals ..……………………………………………………192
The Pond in Winter…………………………………………………200
Spring………………………………………………………………211
Conclusion…………………………………………………………225
內容試閱：
When I wrote the following pages, or rather the bulk of them, I lived alone, in the woods, a mile from any neighbor, in a house which I had built myself, on the shore of Walden Pond, in Concord, Massachusetts, and earned my living by the labor of my hands only. I lived there two years and two months. At present I am a sojourner in civilized life again.
I should not obtrude my affairs so much on the notice of my readers if very particular inquiries had not been made by my townsmen concerning my mode of life, which some would call impertinent, though they do not appear to me at all impertinent, but, considering the circumstances, very natural and pertinent. Some have asked what I got to eat; if I did not feel lonesome; if I was not afraid; and the like. Others have been curious to learn what portion of my income I devoted to charitable purposes; and some, who have large families, how many poor children I maintained. I will therefore ask those of my readers who feel no particular interest in me to pardon me if I undertake to answer some of these questions in this book. In most books, the I, or first person, is omitted; in this it will be retained; that, in respect to egotism, is the main difference. We commonly do not remember that it is, after all, always the first person that is speaking. I should not talk so much about myself if there were anybody else whom I knew as well. Unfortunately, I am confined to this theme by the narrowness of my experience. Moreover, I, on my side, require of every writer, first or last, a simple and sincere account of his own life, and not merely what he has heard of other men’s lives; some such account as he would send to his kindred from a distant land; for if he has lived sincerely, it must have been in a distant land to me. Perhaps these pages are more particularly addressed to poor students. As for the rest of my readers, they will accept such portions as apply to them. I trust that none will stretch the seams in putting on the coat, for it may do good service to him whom it fits.
I would fain say something, not so much concerning the Chinese and Sandwich Islanders as you who read these pages, who are said to live in New England; something about your condition, especially your outward condition or circumstances in this world, in this town, what it is, whether it is necessary that it be as bad as it is, whether it cannot be improved as well as not. I have travelled a good deal in Concord; and everywhere, in shops, and offices, and fields, the inhabitants have appeared to me to be doing penance in a thousand remarkable ways. What I have heard of Bramins sitting exposed to four fires and looking in the face of the sun; or hanging suspended, with their heads downward, over flames; or looking at the heavens over their shoulders “until it becomes impossible for them to resume their natural position, while from the twist of the neck nothing but liquids can pass into the stomach;” or dwelling, chained for life, at the foot of a tree; or measuring with their bodies, like caterpillars, the breadth of vast empires; or standing on one leg on the tops of pillars,—even these forms of conscious penance are hardly more incredible and astonishing than the scenes which I daily witness. The twelve labors of Hercules were trifling in comparison with those which my neighbors have undertaken; for they were only twelve, and had an end; but I could never see that these men slew or captured any monster or finished any labor. They have no friend Iolaus to burn with a hot iron the root of the hydra’s head, but as soon as one head is crushed, two spring up.
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