Unit 1 LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE…1Part One Lead-in…2Section 1 Listening The Chinese Language…2Section 2 Watching The Hours…2Part Two Reading and Writing…2Text A The Mark on the Wall…3Part Three Reading and Speaking…8Text B In Theory: the Death of Literature…8Part Four Cross Cultural Communication…13Passage A 甲骨文的发现…13Passage B Formal and Substantive Universals of Languages …14 Unit 2 HISTORY AND CIVILIZATION…17Part One Lead-in…18Section 1 Listening Cultural Diversity and Assimilation in America: a Failure …18Section 2 Watching Ancient Egypt…18Part Two Reading and Writing…18Text A On History…19Part Three Reading and Speaking…25Text B Chinese and Western Civilization Contrasted…25Part Four Cross Cultural Communication…29Passage A 丝绸之路与文化交流…29Passage B The Process of Civilisation…31 Unit 3 PHILOSOPHY AND LIFE…33Part One Lead-in…34Section 1 Listening Problems of Philosophy…34Section 2 Watching Zeno Paradox…34Part Two Reading and Writing…34Text A What Philosophy Is For…35Part Three Reading and Speaking…41Text B Meaning in Life…41Part Four Cross Cultural Communication…45Passage A 中国哲学的线索…45Passage B What Is Enlightenment …46 Unit 4 MUSIC AND THE SOCIAL WORLD…50Part One Lead-in…51Section 1 Listening Preference for Familiar or Unfamiliar Sounds …51Section 2 Watching Arches in Music and Architecture…51Part Two Reading and Writing…52Text A Why Premieres …52Part Three Reading and Speaking…59Text B Music and the Social World…59Part Four Cross Cultural Communication…63Passage A 中国古代音乐的文化内涵…63Passage B The Musical Legacies of Antiquity…64 Unit 5 DEMOCRACY AND LAW…68Part One Lead-in…69Section 1 Listening Rawls and His Theory of Justice…69Section 2 Watching Introduction to Political Philosophy…69Part Two Reading and Writing…70Text A Two Principles of Justice…70Part Three Reading and Speaking…76Text B Equality, Liberty and Democracy…77Part Four Cross Cultural Communication…81Passage A “仁”和“礼”…81Passage B On Liberty…82 Unit 6 ECONOMY AND SOCIETY…86Part One Lead-in…87Section 1 Listening Why Should We Study Past Economic Thinkers…87Section 2 Watching A Beautiful Mind: The Nash Equilibrium…87Part Two Reading and Writing…87Text A Individuals in Foreign Trade…88Part Three Reading and Speaking…93Text B How Did Economists Get It So Wrong …94Part Four Cross Cultural Communication…99Passage A 孙子兵法…99Passage B The Merchant of Venice…101 Unit 7 NATURE AND HUMAN SOCIETY…108Part One Lead-in…109Section 1 Listening English Lake District: Landscape and the Wild…109Section 2 Watching Beethoven and His Pastoral Symphony…109Part Two Reading and Writing…109Text A Preface to Animal Liberation…110Part Three Reading and Speaking…116Text B We Have No Duty to Animals…116Part Four Cross Cultural Communication…119Passage A 醉翁亭记…119Passage B Lines Composed a Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey, on Revisiting the Banks of the Wye During a Tour…120 Unit 8 TECHNOLOGY AND ETHICS…125Part One Lead-in…126Section 1 Listening Epidemic Disease: Is the InternetOur Key to Survival …126Section 2 Watching The Truman Show: The Interview…126Part Two Reading and Writing…127Text A Has Big Data Made Anonymity Impossible …127Part Three Reading and Speaking…132Text B From Privacy to Accountability …133Part Four Cross Cultural Communication…137Passage A 《劝学篇》序…137Passage B Precursors of Modern Science…138
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前 言
古希腊、古罗马倡导的博雅教育(Liberal Education),旨在传授广博的知识,培养独立完善的人格和优雅的气质,使人不仅获得专业技能,而且陶冶品学才识,成为完全的人。与之相辉映,中华文化传统如《论语》之 “子曰:君子不器”,以及《大学》之“大学之道,在明明德,在亲民,在止于至善”,也强调人应该有完善的人格,不能像器具一样,只满足某一种用途。
北京大学教材建设委员会设立的大学英语教材改革项目《博雅英语》,正是要达到这样的目的,将大学英语课程的工具性和人文性有机统一,使之作为高等学校人文教育的一部分,体现高等教育区别于基础教育的特点,以教材的思想性带动语言学习,不仅增强学生的英语综合应用能力和自主学习能力,而且发展学生的跨文化交际能力和批判性思维能力。
人文性目标首先体现在对教学材料的选择上。《博雅英语》通过走访人文社科领域学者和调研学习者需求,在选材上确定了“语言与文学、历史与文明、哲学与人生、建筑与艺术、法制与民主、经济与社会、人与自然、科技与教育”等八个主题板块。所选听读材料既有中西方经典作品或其介绍,也有对现实生活中热点问题的分析或讨论,力图达到经典与时代的结合、西方文化与中华文化的互动、人文素养与科学精神的交融,彰显教育的根本——立德树人,使学生在批判性的英语学习中,吸收优秀的文化、观念和正确的价值观,培养跨文化国际视野和中国情怀,树立文化自觉和文化自信,未来成为中外文化交流及“讲好中国故事,传播好中国声音,阐释好中国特色”的重要力量。
在教学材料的编排上,《博雅英语》遵循语言学习发展规律,力图贯彻“以输入为基础、以输出为驱动”的理念,注重经典阅读、培养思辨能力、强化书面及口头表达能力。每个主题单元都由四个板块构成:视听导入(Lead-in)、从读到写(Reading and Writing)、从读到说(Reading and Speaking)、跨文化交流(Cross Cultural Communication),以听读促写、以听读促说、以英汉互译促跨文化学习及中国文化传播,融合听、说、读、写、译各种语言技能,促进学生综合语言应用能力的养成。在学习活动的设计中,《博雅英语》尤其注重开放性,启发学生对经典的感受能力,培养批判性思维习惯,引导学生主动学习、自主学习和个性化地学习,培养发现问题、分析问题、解决问题的创新能力。
《博雅英语》力求构建优质的教学资源共享体系,发挥好教材在引导教师转变教学观念、调整教学方式等方面的功能和作用。在提供学生用书、教师用书及相应的电子资源的同时,还将组织授课教师围绕教材的重点、难点、疑点或某些教学环节开发微课,以视频为主要载体记录并分享其教育教学活动的精彩内容,并通过开放性的网络平台鼓励师生共同构建教学资源,交流学习成果,营造出一个个真实的微教学资源环境和学习共同体。
在大学英语课程改革不断深化的新阶段,全体编者期望通过编写《博雅英语》,为丰富大学英语课程的人文内涵、实现其工具性与人文性的有机统一、促进学生的综合素质提高和全面发展尽自己的绵薄之力。不足之处难免,敬请批评指正。
李淑静
2022年12月