PartA Basic Understanding of Chemistry001
Unit1 Overview of Chemistry002
1.1 What is Chemistry 002
1.2 History of Chemistry 002
1.3 Chemistry in the Twenty-first Century 003
1.4 Chemists and Chemical Engineers 005
1.5 Branches of Chemistry005
1.6 Chemical Reactions 006
1.7 Types of Chemical Reactions 007
1.8 The Study of Chemistry009
1.9 Scientific Method 010
New Words and Expressions 011
Notes 013
Trivial — Last but not the Least014
Unit2 Working in the Lab 016
2.1 Safety in the Lab 016
2.2 Disposal of Chemical Waste 017
2.3 How to Deal with Bad Lab Partners？ 017
2.4 The Most Common Injuries in a Chemistry Lab 019
2.5 The Lab Notebook for Chemistry Lab Report020
2.6 Basic Laboratory Apparatus and Manipulation022
2.6.1 Apparatus022
2.6.2 Manipulation 027
New Words and Expressions029
Notes 032
Trivial — Last but not the Least032
PartB Introduction to Fundamentals of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering 035
Unit3 Basic Information of Inorganic Chemistry036
3.1 Overview036
3.2 Four Types of Inorganic Chemical Reactions037
3.3 The Important Inorganic Elements — Actinide 038
New Words and Expressions 039
Notes040
Trivial — Last but not the Least041
Unit4 Rules of Inorganic Nomenclature 044
4.1 Oxidation Number 044
4.2 Coordination Number 044
4.3 Use of Multiplicative Prefixes， Enclosing Marks， Numbers， and Letters045
4.3.1 Multiplicative Prefixes045
4.3.2 Enclosing Marks045
4.3.3 Numbers 046
4.3.4 Italic Letters 046
4.4 Elements046
4.5 Formulae and Names of Compounds in General 047
4.6 Names for Ions and Radicals 049
4.7 Inorganic Acids051
4.7.1 Oxoacid051
4.7.2 Acid Anions 052
4.7.3 Binary Hydrogen Compounds (Binary Acid) 053
4.8 Salts 053
4.8.1 Simple Salts 053
4.8.2 Salts Containing Acid Hydrogen053
4.8.3 Hydrated Salts 053
4.9 Coordination Compounds054
4.9.1 Indication of Oxidation Number and Proportion of Constituents054
4.9.2 The Names of Anionic Ligands， whether Inorganic or Organic， End in -o 055
4.9.3 Alternative Modes of Linkage of Some Ligands 056
4.9.4 Complexes with Unsaturated Molecules or Groups 057
4.9.5 Compounds with Bridging Atoms or Groups 057
4.9.6 Di- and Polynuclear Compounds without Bridging Groups; Direct Linkage between Coordination Centers 057
4.9.7 Homoatomic Aggregates 058
4.10 Addition Compounds 058
4.11 Prefixes or Affixes Used in Inorganic Nomenclature059
New Words and Expressions 060
Notes065
Trivial — Last but not the Least066
Unit5 A Short Introduction to Organic Chemistry 067
5.1 Overview 067
5.2 Types of Organic Chemical Reactions 069
5.3 Name Reactions in Organic Chemistry 072
5.3.1 Acetoacetic-Ester Condensation Reaction 073
5.3.2 Acetoacetic Ester Synthesis 073
5.3.3 Acyloin Condensation 073
5.3.4 Alder-Ene Reaction or Ene Reaction 073
5.3.5 Aldol Reaction or Aldol Addition 074
5.3.6 Aldol Condensation Reaction074
5.3.7 Appel Reaction 074
5.3.8 Arbuzov Reaction or Michaelis-Arbuzov Reaction 074
5.3.9 Arndt-Eistert Synthesis Reaction 074
5.3.10 Azo Coupling Reaction 075
5.3.11 Baeyer-Villiger Oxidation Reactions 075
5.3.12 Baker-Venkataraman Rearrangement 075
5.3.13 Balz-Schiemann Reaction 075
5.3.14 Bamford-Stevens Reaction 075
5.3.15 Barton Decarboxylation 076
5.3.16 Barton Deoxygenation Reaction: Barton-McCombie Reaction 076
5.3.17 Baylis-Hillman Reaction 076
5.3.18 Beckmann Rearrangement Reaction076
5.3.19 Benzilic Acid Rearrangement 076
5.3.20 Benzoin Condensation Reaction077
5.3.21 Bergman Cycloaromatization—Bergman Cyclization077
5.3.22 Bestmann-Ohira Reagent Reaction 077
5.3.23 Biginelli Reaction 077
5.3.24 Birch Reduction Reaction 077
5.3.25 Bicschler-Napieralski Reaction — Bicschler-Napieralski Cyclization077
5.3.26 Blaise Reaction078
5.3.27 Blanc Reaction 078
5.3.28 Bohlmann-Rahtz Pyridine Synthesis 078
5.3.29 Bouveault-Blanc Reduction 078
5.3.30 Brook Rearrangement 078
5.3.31 Brown Hydroboration 078
5.3.32 Bucherer-Bergs Reaction079
5.3.33 Buchwald-Hartwig Cross Coupling Reaction 079
5.3.34 Cadiot-Chodkiewicz Coupling Reaction 079
5.3.35 Cannizzaro Reaction 079
5.3.36 Chan-Lam Coupling Reaction079
5.3.37 Crossed Cannizzaro Reaction 080
5.3.38 Friedel-Crafts Reaction080
5.3.39 Huisgen Azide-Alkyne Cycloaddition Reaction 080
5.3.40 Itsuno-Corey Reduction — Corey-Bakshi-Shibata Reduction 080
5.3.41 Seyferth-Gilbert Homologation Reaction081
New Words and Expressions 081
Notes084
Trivial — Last but not the Least085
Unit6 Rules of Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry 087
6.1 Hydrocarbons087
6.1.1 Alkanes 087
6.1.2 Alkenes 090
6.1.3 Alkynes092
6.2 Heteroatom Functional Groups 092
6.2.1 Alcohols， Phenol， and Thiols 093
6.2.2 Ethers095
6.2.3 Amines 095
6.2.4 Organohalogen Compounds 097
6.2.5 Aldehydes and Ketones098
6.2.6 Carboxylic Acid 098
6.2.7 Carboxylic Acid Derivatives099
New Words and Expressions 101
Notes103
Trivial — Last but not the Least103
Unit7 Introduction to Analytical Chemistry107
7.1 Overview 107
7.2 The Scope of Analytical Chemistry 108
7.3 The Functions and Patterns of Analytical Chemistry 109
7.3.1 Functions of Analytical Chemistry109
7.3.2 General Patterns of Analytical Chemistry110
7.4 Analytical Methods 111
7.4.1 Types of Analytical Methods 111
7.4.2 Trends in Analytical Methods and Procedures 112
7.5 Some Modern Methods of Analytical Chemistry113
7.5.1 High Performance Liquid Chromatography113
7.5.2 High Performance Capillary Electrophoresis 116
7.5.3 Infrared Spectrophotometry118
7.5.4 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance 119
7.5.5 Atomic Absorption 121
New Words and Expressions 124
Notes127
Trivial — Last but not the Least128
Unit8 A Map of Physical Chemistry129
8.1 Overview 129
8.1.1 What Is Physical Chemistry 129
8.1.2 Theories of Physical Chemistry 130
8.1.3 What Do Physical Chemists Do 131
8.1.4 Perspective of Physical Chemistry131
8.2 Briefing on Thermodynamics 132
8.3 Basic Concepts of Thermodynamics133
8.4 Introduction to Chemical Equilibrium and Kinetic Theory135
8.4.1 Equilibrium135
8.4.2 Chemical Kinetics 139
New Words and Expressions140
Notes 142
Trivial — Last but not the Least143
Unit9 Chemical Engineering 146
9.1 Overview146
9.2 The Difference between Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 147
9.3 Future Opportunities in Chemical Engineering 148
9.4 Introduction to Basic Chemical Engineering Concepts 149
9.4.1 Heat Transfer and Heat Exchangers 149
9.4.2 The Material Balance and the Energy Balance150
9.4.3 The Ideal Contact and the Rates of an Operation 150
9.4.4 Chemical Engineering Process Related to Solids 151
9.4.5 Fluidization153
9.4.6 Supercritical Fluids and Supercritical Fluid Extraction 154
9.4.7 Extraction and Liquid-Liquid Extraction 156
9.4.8 Evaporation and Crystallization 157
9.4.9 Dust Removal and Centrifugal Settling Process 158
9.4.10 Batch and Continuous Process 159
9.4.11 Chemical Manufacturing Process 159
New Words and Expressions160
Notes 163
Trivial — Last but not the Least164
PartC English for Basic Academic Communication 167
Unit10 International Conference 168
10.1 An Overview of Academic Communication168
10.2 International Conference 169
10.2.1 Sources for Conference Information 169
10.2.2 Conference Organizers and Session Modes 171
10.2.3 Papers， Abstracts， Posters and Proposals Submitted to Conference174
10.2.4 Financial Assistance for Attending Meetings180
10.2.5 Rehearsal， Attendance and Culture Considerations181
New Words and Expressions 187
Notes193
Trivial — Last but not the Least193
Unit11 Letters for Academic Communication 194
11.1 Introduction to Letter Writing 194
11.1.1 Basic Principles for Letter Writing 194
11.1.2 Styles of Punctuation and Format 195
11.1.3 Necessary Parts of a Formal Letter 195
11.1.4 Optional Parts of a Letter 199
11.1.5 Stationery and Envelope201
11.1.6 Sample letter with Common Formats202
11.2 Introduction to Email Writing 202
11.2.1 Email Format203
11.2.2 Subject Heading 203
11.2.3 Salutation203
11.2.4 The Body203
11.2.5 Previous Message and Quotes 204
11.2.6 Closing 205
11.2.7 Signature 206
11.2.8 File Attachments 206
11.2.9 Reread and Save before Clicking the “Send” Button 206
11.3 Examples of Letters in Different Situations 207
11.3.1 Examples of Letters Relating to Conference207
11.3.2 Letters for Academic Visits and Cooperation209
11.3.3 Letters for Research Positions 211
New Words and Expressions 212
Notes214
Trivial — Last but not the Least215
Appendix 217
A1 IUPAC Names and Symbols of Elements218
A2 General Stems and Affixes221
A3 Common English Terms Used in the Laboratory232
References234
內容試閱：
英语作为广泛使用的一种语言，在国际交流中起着十分重要的作用，也是我国大多数学生学习的第二种语言。本书是为化学化工类及相关专业的学生在修完大学公共英语之后，进入专业英语学习而编写的，目的是让学生了解英语在相关专业中的作用，并且掌握化学化工专业英语的语言规律，以便于理解科技英语文献、扩大英语词汇量、巩固英语知识，进而提高学生应用英语的能力。
目前出版的大部分化学化工专业英语的教材的受众群体是有着过硬的化学化工专业背景以及对于科技英语有较好的基础的一类人员，这类教材的专业面广、内容深、针对性强。而对于科技英语基础较为薄弱的群体来说，现阶段的大多数化学化工专业英语教材难度偏大，对于诸如化学分子式与化学方程式的读/写方法、化合物结构和形态的英文描述、实验室工作相关英文记录、普通化学化工类国际学术交流等基础性专业英语知识还缺乏完整的介绍。因此，教师在为科技英语基础较为薄弱的学生讲授“化学化工专业英语”课程时，存在参考教材与学生水平脱节的问题。为此，我们特别编写了这本专门针对基础英语掌握程度一般的化学化工类及其相关专业的本科生或研究生均适用的入门级专业英语的教材。
本书共分为三个部分，Part A 共2 个单元，主要是宏观介绍化学化工学科的特点，内容涉及化学实验室安全相关知识、实验记录要领以及普通化学化工实验仪器等一般共性的知识，尤其注重的是基础性知识和广泛性科技英语词汇；Part B 共7 个单元，主要包括化学化工学科的分类介绍，涵盖化学化工初级知识以及基础化工相关的专业英语，如化合物的命名及化工过程单元操作等；Part C 包含2 个单元，主要涵盖化学化工学术交流的相关英语知识，如：参加学术活动相关的英语书面/口头交流的基础知识等。以上三大部分，用英文视角介绍从化学化工学术基础再到化学化工学术交流等相关知识，层层递进而又互相关联—从系统阐释传统化学化工专业基础知识，逐渐转向对更高层次的化学化工类学术交流活动的介绍。希望化学化工专业的学生通过学习本书内容，可以具备进一步学习国际上更为先进的化学化工相关科学知识的基础；同时，通过本教材的编写，我们试图改变当今大学生仅将英语学习局限于普通英文的“阅读理解”，而完全忽视学术交流的需求这一现状。在编写本书时，我们有意避免对传统美国式主流专有词汇的直接引用，相反，我们结合目前中国相关词汇的英文表达，将这些内容适当地展现出来，并且有意识地增加了许多中国元素；此外，本书的编写还适当使用了当今中国化学化工发展过程中最新的信息，如“碳达峰”“碳中和”以及与化学化工相关的中国特色的词汇等。本书在吸收国内同类教材优点的同时，根据现代科技的发展补充了一些新知识，如环境与能源、国内外化学工程师的职业规划、化学相关信息的来源等内容。
本教材共计11 个单元的课文，每个单元的文章后都有课文难/长句的注释，很多文章附有图片说明，以增加文章的生动性和可读性。本书内容涉及宽泛，词汇量较广，力求深入浅出，对部分专业词汇注有音标和构词规律说明。为了帮助读者更好地掌握这些细节知识，我们在每个单元的最后都设有“Trivial — Last but not the Least”（细节知识点）部分，涵盖了从读写化学分子式/方程式到正确使用英文表达化学用语、化学计量单位等化学工作者接触过但可能难以牢固掌握的细节知识。本书适合作为普通高等院校化学、化工、材料及相关专业本科生和研究生的专业英语教材，同时也供化学、化工、材料领域的科研和工程技术人员参考。我们希望读者通过阅读本书可以更全面地掌握化学化工英语入门知识，为未来的学习和工作打下坚实的基础。
本书是由昆明学院化学化工学院的翁哲慧、葛丹丹和王宝玲三位老师共同编著。在获取英文资料和描述化学问题方面，得到了常州大学的张致慧、云南民族大学的赵梦楠、美国阿拉巴马大学亨茨维尔分校的凌颉以及昆明学院的鞠海东、乔永锋、吴琼、周小华、李湘广、陈人杰、杨波、杨艳华和赵娜等众多老师的精心指导和无私帮助，对此我们深表感激。另外，在校对书稿的过程中，我们也得到了昆明学院材料与化工专业研究生黄仙金、江小舟、李琦、陈充玉等同学的鼎力支持，对此我们表示衷心的感谢。
尽管几经修改，力求完善此书，但由于作者英语和专业水平的限制，加之时间紧迫，难免存在不足之处，诚恳地希望各位读者、同行能够提出宝贵的批评意见和建议，以便我们在修订时进行改进。
2024年5月于昆明
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