The cultural context of a city， reflected in the details of historical buildings， is an important foundation for its cultural confidence. As a resident who has lived in the original concession area of Hankou since childhood， I am not only passionate about this historical and cultural city from the bottom of my heart， but also proud and honored because of the unique architectural memories. Hankou is locatedin the sandbar with the river mouth. As a geographical unit， the “Hankou area” was first seen in Huang Qian’s 《Mian Zhai Collection》 of the Song Dynasty， which recorded “there are three thousand households in the city of Hanyang and Hankou”; in the 《Hanyang County Chronicles of Tongzhi》 of the Qing Dynasty “During the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty， Hankou was reed area”， “In the fourth year of Jiajing’s reign measurements， there were 630 houses of Zhang Tianshun and others on the shore”; during the Jiajing period， there were more and more local residents in Hankou and markets and towns began to take shape; before 1594， Hankou became a town due to its more streets. It gradually became an important commercial port in the middle velley of the Yangtze River. In the country with goods from all directions， It was one of the four famous towns along with Zhuxian Town in Henan， Jingdezhen in Jiangxi， and Foshan Town in Guangdong. It was also listed in 《Guangyang Miscellaneous Notes》 of the Qing Dynasty， Hankou， Beijing， Suzhou and Foshan were collectively known as the “Four Gatherings of Chinese Nation”. At that time， products from Henan， Jiangxi， Sichuan， Hunan， Guangxi， Yunnan and other places were transferred through Hankou. With the advancement of commercial and cultural exchange activities， Hankou has become more prosperous， interpreting a diverse and symbiotic regional traditional architectural culture.
In 1851， Hankou openedthe port. Hankou， together with Shanghai， Tianjin， Guangzhou and Qingdao， became the five major commercial ports in China. Foreign ships entered the inner rivers and many foreign ports appeared along the river street of the British Concession in Hankou. At the beginning of the 20th century， the BeijingHankou Railway was laid successively， and water and land transportation became more developed， making Hankou a modern city connecting the domestic market and the international market. River ships and ocean ships could reach the Netherlands， Germany， Japan， the United States， the United Kingdom， Belgium and other countries from Hankou. By the beginning of the 20th century， foreigners from various countries came to Hankou to open foreign companies， foreign banks and commercial agencies， Western hotels， hospitals， theaters and apartments. Different types of buildings have appeared one after another in Hankou， presenting a colorful and different style. The former FiveNation Concession areas in Hankou have become a cultural area with distinctive characteristics and a gathering of both East and the West.
At present， various historical buildings in the former FiveNation Concession in Hankou have become important cultural landmarks in Wuhan City. Although these historical buildings are facing the visual impact of highrising buildings in the context of urban modernization， their unique spatial forms and decorative styles have become regional highlights. Not only are researchers constantly analyzing and expanding the field of Hankou architectural research， and understanding a series of construction issues such as Hankou’s construction craftsmen， materials， and building construction techniques in that era， but also are urban residents who are passionate about Hankou’s history and also spontaneously formed specific research teams to conduct research on each building one by one. We will inspect， research， and unearth the historical and cultural mysteries and architectural art essence of these modern buildings.
The decorative graphics in the original concession buildings in Hankou are colorful， not only incorporating the traditional inland styles and earlier colonial architectural styles， but also being influenced by the modern decorative styles of many Western countries， showing international， national and regional diversity. They reflects cultural integration imprint. From a technical perspective， Hankou’s modern building decorative materials are generally pragmatic， showing excellent construction wisdom by using local materials， saving materials and paying attention to quality.
Hankou’s modern architectural decoration is diverse and its style and aesthetic expression also include the nation’s inherent traditional forms and the unique combination of Chinese and Western forms. In the original concession areas， Western architectural styles such as Baroque， Rococo， neoclassicism， Art Nouveau， and Art Deco were fully integrated. Its architectural decorative features have a distinct tendency， especially in building parapets， cornices， exterior windows， walls， verandahs， arches， columns， stairs， handrails. Judging from the decorative themes， most of them are plant images and geometric images. Images of animals and figures are also found with clear colors. It is of practical significance to study the sources， construction methods， material characteristics and corresponding graphic symbolic connotations of these typical architectural decoration images. I hope that this book can provide a new perspective for the protection and renovation of Wuhan’s historical buildings， design and construction and academic research， provide detailed information for theoretical research on decorative graphics of historical buildings in the original concession in Hankou and provide information for the reidentification of architectural decoration styles and scientific research on material technology. The empirical content provides a visual reference for the application of Chinese and Western graphic design on architectural structures and provides multidimensional design ideas for protection， restoration and rational utilization of historical buildings.
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