Chapter 1Research Statement1
1.1Introduction2
1.2Research Aims and Objectives4
1.3Significance of Study7
1.3.1Residential Design Research7
1.3.2A Changing Scenario8
Chapter 2Residential Design Standardization9
2.1Introduction10
2.2Standardization and Design Standardization11
2.2.1Standardization11
2.2.2Standardization in Knowledge Management12
2.2.3Standardization in Design Management17
2.3Standardization and Design Standardization in Residential Property Development in China20
2.3.1Aims21
2.3.2Pros， Cons and Required Prior Conditions23
2.3.3Current Situation27
2.3.4Standardization Framework and Position of Design Standardization28
2.3.5Preparation and Application Processes30
2.4Description of Design Standardization33
2.4.1Descriptions of Design Standardization33
2.4.2Uniqueness of Design Standardizations in Residential Property Development in China34
Chapter 3Research Methodology37
3.1Research Paradigm， Methodology and Methods38
3.2Research Implementation: Research Design， Data Collection and Data Analysis40
3.2.1Study 140
3.2.2Study 253
3.2.3Study 354
Chapter 4A Quantitative Measurement of the Use of Design Standardization59
4.1Characteristics of the Study Sample60
4.2The Overall Degree of the Use of Standardized Design61
4.3Varieties of Design Standardization66
4.3.1Standardized Floor Plan Types66
4.3.2Typologies of Standardized Floor Plan Design67
4.3.3The Use of Standardized Design Based on Floor Plan Type69
4.3.4The Use of Standardized Designs at Four Cities Based on Floor Plan Type75
4.4The Use of Standardized Designs Based on the Five Primary NBnb Floor Plan Type78
Chapter 5A Correlational Test of the Use of Design Standardization at ProjectLevel， OrganizationLevel and CityLevel Variables83
5.1Characteristics of the Study Sample84
5.2Project Level Variables85
5.3Developer Level Variables91
5.4City Level Variables93
Chapter 6MultiStakeholder Perspectives on Design Standardization97
6.1The Initiation and Adoption of Standardized Design98
6.1.1Societal Level102
6.1.2Industry Level111
6.1.3Organizational Level112
6.1.4Individual Level114
6.2The Pros and Cons of the Use of Design Standardization117
6.2.1Individual Level119
6.2.2Organizational Level130
6.2.3Societal Level137
6.3Stakeholders’ Estimation141
6.3.1An Overall Estimation141
6.3.2Estimation on Cities142
6.3.3Estimation on Developers147
6.4Stakeholders’ Evaluation and Expectation149
6.4.1Evaluation149
6.4.2Expectation155
Chapter 7Insights and Inferences163
7.1Introduction164
7.2Controlling and Guiding Design Standardizations165
7.3Cityscape Issue and More Social and Environmental Concerns166
7.4ReOrientation of Design Process and Schedule166
7.5Practitioners’ Struggling168
Chapter 8Conclusions and Recommendations171
8.1Policy Implications172
8.1.1Architectural Copyright Protection172
8.1.2Preservation of Local Identity174
8.2Practical Implications175
8.2.1Improvement of Design Quality175
8.2.2Focus on Smaller Room Types175
8.2.3Talent and Technology Strategies176
8.3Methodological Implications177
8.4Limitations of the Research178
8.5Recommendations for Future Studies179
8.5.1Measurement Development179
8.5.2Data Sample of this Research179
8.5.3Sustainability Impact Assessment of Design Standardization180
8.5.4Technology Integration181
內容試閱：
Foreword In the past 20 years， the growth of the real estate industry has supported and relied on the urbanization processes of China， and has provided opportunities and challenges to developers. In order to seize opportunities and avoid risks， to achieve a rapid project development mechanism， developers have started to repeatedly use predetermined project positioning framework and prepared corresponding design deliverables since the early 2000s. Prior research has explored the aims， pros and cons， situation， and developers’ preparation and application processes of design standardization. However， little empirical study has been conducted in previous research， and most prior research investigates the use of design standardization from the perspective of the developer. Therefore， this research was designed to 1) quantify the degree and situation， 2) to understand the associated correlating factors， and to 3) gain perspectives of multistakeholders of design standardization. The main results show the overall degree of the use of design standardization is 57.3%， and there are major design strategies and varieties of differences in developers’ application of standardized designs. The use of design standardization is related to project positioning at the project level， the developer’s development volume at the organizational level， and the land area and population density at the societal level. This research also summarizes stakeholders’ insights on the aims， pros and cons， estimations， and expectations of the use of design standardization. This research has attained its research objectives， contributed to advance the knowledge of design standardization， and draw valuable policy and practical implications.
Chapter 1 Research Statement
1.1Introduction
In architectural designs， it is natural and frequent to reuse both intellectual formed design experiences and physical recorded design experiences and solutions.And there are diverse level of the reuse of design experiences or solutions. Among all， design standardization practices have been widely adopted in residential building design. Since the initial commercialization and privatization of urban housing in the 1980s， it have significantly gained attention. Within the past 40 years， the average annual GDP growth of China has reached nearly 10 percent. With this growth， the urbanization rate in China surpassed 50% for the first time in the year of 2011， reflecting the millions of migrant populations moving from rural to urban areas. Obviously， there is a positive interplay between the process of urbanization and the development of the real estate industry. Urbanization provides opportunities for the development of the property industry， for example， it comes with great urban housing demands and rapid urban infrastructure development.
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