本书所选论文在内容上分为两大类，一类是比较宏观的，如在2010年荷兰阿姆斯特丹举行的国际历史学大会开幕式上的主题讲演《Water and the History of China》 (后来发表于《中国社会科学》英文版)和在2019年日本大阪举行的第四届亚洲世界史学会大会开幕式上的主题报告《The Termination of the Silk Road: A Study of the History of the Silk Road from a New Perspective》 (后来发表于《Asian Review of World Histories》)。另一类是是经济史专题研究成果，特别集中于明清江南经济史和中西比较经济史。这些发表于不同刊物、不同场合的论文在海外一经发表，立刻在学术界引发积极的反响。此次汇成文集出版后，将促进中国经济史的国际交流，以及提高我国年轻一代经济史学者的国际视野。 适合经济学、历史学学者和大学研究生阅读。
關於作者：
李伯重，1949年生于云南省昆明市。厦门大学毕业，系新中国恢复学位制度后的首届历史学硕士、博士学位博士获得者，美国密执安大学博士后。现任北京大学人文讲席教授。1998年到清华大学任教，并创办清华大学中国经济史研究中心，并历任清华大学中国经济史研究中心顾问、历史系主任，兼思想文化研究所所长，2009年加盟清华大学国学研究院。历任浙江省社会科学院副研究员、历史研究所副所长、清华大学教授、香港科技大学人文社科学院讲席教授及高等研究所资深研究员；兼任法国国家社会科学高等研究院、英国伦敦经济学院经济史系、日本庆应义塾大学经济学部、美国哈佛大学东亚文明与语言系、美国密执安大学历史系、美国加州理工学院人文社会科学学部、美国加州大学历史系等校客座教授。长期从事中国经济史方面的研究，在以中、英文在国内外出版专著十余部，发表论文九十余篇。其主要著作有《唐代江南农业的发展》《江南的早期工业化，1550－1850》《发展与制约：明清江南生产力研究》《理论、方法与发展趋势：中国经济史研究新探》《多视角看历史：南宋后期至清代中期的江南经济》《火枪与账簿：早期经济全球化时代的中国与东亚世界》《新史观 新视野 新历史》《An Early Modern Economy in China: The Yangzi Delta in the 1820s》等。
目錄：
Part I Journal articles and book chapters
Changes in Climate， Land， and Human Efforts: The Production of Wet-f iled Rice in Jiangnan During the Ming and Qing Dynasties 3
Was There a “Thirteenth-and-Fourteenth-Century Turning-Point”? Population， Land， Technology， and Farm Management 44
Farm Labor Productivity in Jiangnan， 1620-1850 98
Rural Economy in Jiangnan During the Late Imperial Times 125
Wages in Huating-Lou Counties in the 1820s 142
Involution and Chinese Cotton Textile Production: Songjiang in the Late Eighteenth and Early Nineteenth Centuries 181
An Early Modern Economy in China: A Study of the GDP of the Huating-Lou Area， 1823-1829 190
Before the Great Divergence? Comparing the Yangzi Delta and the Netherlands at the Beginning of the Nineteenth Century 206
The “Daoguang Depression” and the “Guiwei Great Flood”: Economic Decline and Climatic Cataclysm in Early Nineteenth-Century Songjiang in a New Perspective 245
The Early Modern Economy of the Yangzi Delta in a New Perspective 273
An Examination of Traditional Research Methods in Economic History—“Choosing the Ref ined”， “Collecting the Essential” and “the Agricultural Revolution in the Yangzi Delta During the Song Dynasty” 296
Economic History in China—Tradition， Divergence and Potential 307
Water and the History of China 334
The Termination of the Silk Road: A Study of the History of the Silk Road in a New Perspective 347
Book Review: Ni， Yuping Customs Duties in the Qing Dynasty， ca 1644-1911 Leiden: Brill， 2016 365
Author’s Preface: Preface to An Early Modern Economy in China: The Yangzi Delta in the 1820s 370
Part II Conference and lecture papers
The Development of Agriculture and Industry in Jiangnan， 1644-1850: Trends and Prospects 377
Traditional Peasant Culture: The Root of China’s Economic Miracle 408
The Formation of China’s National Market， 1550-1840 419
Internationalization and Indigenization: The Principal Axis Along which Social and Economic Historiography Has Evolved in China During the Past Two Decades 495
The Farm Economy of Songjiang in the Early Nineteenth Century 500
Involution or Not Involution: The Farm Economy of Songjiang and the Theory of Involution in Chinese Studies 544
Climate， Market， Economy and the Nineteenth-Century Crisis 570
“The countrymen are well fed” —A Study of Food Consumption in Early-Nineteenth Century Songjiang 580
Creating a Modern Army: The Late Ming Military Reform under the Shadow of FInancial Crisis 587
Why Does the Theory of the Great Divergence Matter?—Taking the Case of the Study of the Economic History of the Yangzi Delta 599
Notes of Papers 621
內容試閱：
The papers in this volume were written in the past three decades， which represent part of my work in Chinese history， particularly Chinese economic his-tory.
My study of Chinese history embarked in the period of 1966-76. In the be-ginning of the period， I was a high school student. I was dispatched to the coun-tryside in order to be “re-educated”. Upon my return to my hometown， I had to support myself with various odd jobs. But it was in such very diff.icult years that I began my study of Chinese history. Since no college would accept a young man with a “bad” family background such as mine， I had to rely on myself. During this painful decade， under the close-door instruction of my father， who was a famous historian but condemned as the “ghosts and monsters” and deprived of the rights of teaching during these anxious years， I f.inished most Chinese history courses offered to undergraduate students before the “Cultural Revolution”.
After the “Cultural Revolution” ended， China experienced signif.icant changes. Many unimaginable things have become possible. As one of the f.irst graduate students since 1964 in the PRC， I spent seven very happy and fulf.illing years at Xiamen University and became one of the f.irst two persons who have earned a Ph. D. degree in Premodern Chinese History in the PRC since 1949. Although I dreamed of going abroad to connect with the mainstream of interna-tional scholarship more directly and deeply， it all seemed impossible until then. Things f.inally got better and better afterward， and my dream came true. In the past three decades， I worked as a Visiting Professor and Visiting Fellow in dif-ferent world famous academic institutions in the USA， UK， Japan， France and Hong Kong of China. I also had the great fortune to be invited to give lectures on different international occasions， such as the keynote speeches at the Opening Sessions of The Twenty-f.irst International Congress of the Historical Sciences (August 22， 2010， Amsterdam， the Netherlands)， The Eighth Annual World His-tory Association International Congress (June 27， 1999， Victoria， Canada)， The Thirty-f.ifth Economic and Business Historical Society Conference (May 27， 2010， Braga， Portugal). The Fourth Congress of Asian Association of World His-torians (January 5， 2019， Osaka， Japan)， and so on. Along with these experienc-es， I have produced many lecture papers， journal articles， and conference papers. In addition， I have published two books on Chinese economic history in the UK.
Interestingly， when I was a student in primary and secondary schools， the only forign language taught was Russian. Along with my realization that En-glish was the most useful language if I ever wanted to get into the mainstream of international scholarship， I made up my mind to learn English starting from scratch， from the alphabet. My journey of learning English also started at the least expected location， a remote village in the Sino-Burmese border area where I was sent to be “re-educated” and work as a peasant. Since no teachers， text-books， dictionaries， and tapes were available， the learning was extremely chal-lenging. To my benef.it， luck favored my curiosity， and I came across a book that had changed my academic career. It was an old textbook that had been published in the Soviet Union to teach the Russians English， in Russian. Like many Soviet publications， the book cover carried an icon of Sickle and Axe， the logo of the Communist Party internationally. This icon became the periapt， immune to any scrutiny， and was crucial to my English learning. Using this textbook， I acquired basic knowledge of English， without listening to any spoken English words and touching any English works published in the West.
During my years at Xiamen University， I took courses of English and Jap-anese languages. Since the knowledge of the English language of most of my classmates was poor， we had to focus on learning Common English during the M.A. study period and Advanced English in the Ph.D. study period. During the latter period， the course was mainly on studying masterpieces of English liter-ature， such as King Lear by William Shakespeare， Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen， and the like， under the supervision of Professor Zheng Chaozong， a famous scholar who studied English literature in Cambridge University before 1949. Because none of my classmates had read such masterpieces of English literature， the study was very diff.icult. Moreover， no works of economic history published in the West were available in the university’s library. The only piece of work of economic history I had was Dwight Perkins’ Agricultural Develop-ment in China， 1368-1968， which was sent to my father by Professor John Israel when he visited Kunming in the early 1980s. I read this book many times， not only just learning the new approaches to economic history applied in this book， but also mastering the terminology and expressions of English in the economic history context. But until then， my English training only provided me the oppor-tunity to write some short essays as part of the assignments， and I still had no exposure to how to write real academic work.
After I graduated from Xiamen University in 1985， I worked in the Institute of History of Zhejiang Academy of Social Sciences in Hangzhou. In early 1986， I received a letter from Professor Thomas Rawski and Professor Lillian Li along with their invitation to attend the Workshop and Conference on Economic Meth-ods for Chinese Historical Research sponsored by the Henry Luce Foundation， the American Council of Learned Societies， and the National Science Founda-tion and held in Honolulu， Hawaii， on January 2-6 1987. Regarding it as a great opportunity to come into contact with the international scholarship， I decided to accept the invitation. But this seemingly obvious decision didn’t come without challenges and headaches: I had to present a paper to the meeting in academic English.
It was a daunting task for me to write such a paper. Firstly， without any formal training in academic writing before， I simply had no experience of how to write it. Secondly， in the institute where I was working then， there were not any reference works published abroad available; the only reference book was the copy by Perkins I brought with me. Even the English-Chinese dictionary was diff.icult to f.ind， and I could only use the one I had. Moreover， without typewrit-ers， I had to write by hand and then type it with a borrowed typewriter. After months of hard work， my f.irst academic paper on economic history was f.inally f.inished in 1986， titled “The Development of Agriculture and Industry in Jiang-nan， 1644-1850: Trends and Prospects” in this volume. Though it seemed quite raw or rudimentary with the academic standard， it was the f.irst signif.icant step in my English writing of economic history. Since then， I have written dozens of papers on economic history， including journal articles， book chapters， confer-ence papers， lecture papers and so on. I have selected twenty-six papers to create this volume， consisting of both published and unpublished. The former includes Journal articles and book chapters， while the latter includes conference and lec-ture papers.
The twenty-six essays in this volume were written in the period between 1986 and 2021. Three of them were translation of my works which were writ-ten in Chinese. One of the translations， performed by Professor Mark Elvin， is excellent. The other two were performed by translators appointed by the journal editorial departments and the quality of the translations is unsatisfactory because the translators are not experts in this f.ield and the translations were not sent to me to check and approve. The rest were written by myself in English and the quality varied. In addition， the papers were written in different periods， using different writing software (in particular， the WPS and Word Perfect， which were overwhelmingly used in China in the 1990s). The transition wasn’t seamless， and there were some technical problems in converting these works later on. There-fore， some of my early writings still cannot be converted well into the Word sys-tem that I am using today. Regardless of their quality， however， these papers are part of my academic products. When they are collected in this book， all of them basically remain the same as their original forms， and the revisions are primarily the correction of misspellings and typing errors. I think that they have become history， and， as a historian， I have to respect it.
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