Chapter 1 Introduction 1
Chapter 2 Study History of Human Mars Exploration Architecture and Space Transportation System 7
2.1 United States 10
2.2 China 44
2.3 Russia 50
2.4 Europe 57
2.5 Summary 63
Chapter 3 Architecture Design Options of Human Mars Exploration Mission 65
3.1 Crew and Cargo Transfer Mode 67
3.2 Transfer Orbit Type 68
3.3 Earth Departure Date 76
3.4 Earth Parking Orbit 77
3.5 Propulsion Technology 80
3.6 Earth Escape Mode 96
3.7 Mars Exploration Target and Mode 97
3.8 Mars Parking Orbit 99
3.9 Mars Stay Time 100
3.10 Mars Capture Method 100
3.11 Earth Return Mode 102
Chapter 4 Analysis of the Architecture Design Options of Human Mars Exploration Mission 103
4.1 Benchmark of Human Mars Exploration Mission Architecture Design Option Analysis 103
4.2 Influence Analysis of the Architecture Design Options of Human Mars Exploration Mission 106
Chapter 5 Development Roadmap and Mission Architecture Design 173
5.1 Development Roadmap and Mission Architecture Selection 173
5.2 Mission Architecture Design 177
Chapter 6 Space Transportation System of Human Mars Exploration 193
6.1 Analysis of the Space Transportation System Component for Human Mars Exploration 194
6.2 Analysis of the Incremental Velocity Demand and Scale of the Space Transportation System 198
6.3 Earth Surface Launching System 205
6.4 Mars Transfer Vehicle 210
6.5 Mars Landing and Ascent Vehicle 258
6.6 Mars Surface Infrastructure 266
Chapter 7 Analysis of Key Technologies 271
7.1 System Design of Space Transportation System for Human Mars Exploration 271
7.2 Cryogenic Propellant On-orbit Application 276
7.3 Advanced Propulsion Technology 306
7.4 Precision Guidance and Control Technology 311
7.5 Advanced Energy and Communication Technology 324
7.6 Advanced Structural Mechanism Design Technology 330
Chapter 8 International Collaboration 341
8.1 Demand Analysis 342
8.2 Current Situation and Development Trend 343
8.3 Mode Research 351
Chapter 9 Conclusion and Suggestion 359
Reference 363
APPENDIX 373
IAA in Brief 375