ContentsPart I Transparent Materials1 Introduction 3References 42 Transparent Sand of Silica Gel 52.1 Static Properties of Silica Gel 62.2 Dynamic Properties of Silica Gel 92.2.1 Resonant Column Tests and Sample Preparation 92.2.2 Shear Modulus of Silica Gel 102.2.3 Comparison with Shear Modulus of Clay,Sandand Gravel 152.2.4 Damping Ratio of Silica Gel 172.3 Summary and Conclusions 21References 223 Transparent Sand of Fused Quartz 253.1 Introduction 253.2 Static Properties of Fused Quartz 253.2.1 Materials 263.2.2 Stress-Strain Curves of Transparent Soil of Fused Quartz 273.2.3 Shear Strength 293.2.4 Pore Pressure 303.2.5 Deviatoric Stress and Stress Ratio 313.2.6 Summary 323.3 Geotechnical Properties of Fused Quartz with Different Pore Fluid 323.3.1 Fused Quartz and Pore Ruid 333.3.2 Experimental Program 343.3.3 Testing Results 343.3.4 Critical State Line 383.3.5 Duncan-Chang Model for Transparent Soils 383.3.6 Summary 423.4 Dynamic Properties for Transparent Soil of Fused Quartz 423.4.1 Experiment 423.4.2 Shear Modulus and Damping Ratio of Fused Quartz 433.5 Shear Modulus and Damping Ratio of Transparent Soils with Different Pore Fluids 453.5.1 Pore Fluids 453.5.2 Testing Methods 463.5.3 Shear Modulus Influenced by Pore Fluids 493.5.4 Damping Ratios Influenced by Pore Fluids 523.6 Cyclic Undrained Behavior and Liquefaction Resistance of Transparent Sand Made of Fused Quartz 543.6.1 Testing Methods 553.6.2 Results and Analysis 553.7 Summary 57References 604 Transparent Clay of Carbopol U10 604.1 Introduction 634.2 Materials and Manufacture Process 644.2.1 Raw Materials 644.2.2 Manufacture Processes 664.3 Optical Properties of Synthetic Clay 674.3.1 Transparency Analysis 674.3.2 Speckle Pattern 694.4 Geotechnical Properties of Synthetic Clay 704.4.1 Shear Strength 704.4.2 Consolidation 744.4.3 Hydraulic Conductivity 764.4.4 Thermal Conductivity 794.5 Discussions and Conclusions 80References 815 Transparent Rock 835.1 Introduction 835.2 Testing Methodology 845.2.1 Materials and Specimens 845.2.2 Test Facilities and Processes 855.3 Experimental Results and Discussions 875.3.1 Uniaxial Compression Test 875.3.2 Brazilian Tensile Test 935.4 Conclusions 97References 976 Pore Fluid 1016.1 Introduction 1016.2 Low Viscosity Pore Fluid 1026.2.1 Temperature Variation of the Viscosity and Refractive Index of the Potential Solvents 1026.2.2 Determination of the Matching Refractive Index of the Matching Pore Fluid 1056.2.3 Investigation on the Interaction Between the Pore Fluid and the Latex Membrane 1066.3 New Pore Fluid to Manufacture Transparent Soil 1116.3.1 Introduction 1116.3.2 Pore Fluids Tested 1146.3.3 Apparatus and Procedures 1166.3.4 Results and Discussions 1176.4 Summary and Conclusions 129References 130Part II Transparent Soil Imaging and Image Processing7 Laser Speckle Effect 1307.1 Introduction 1357.2 Characteristics of Laser Speckle Field 1367.3 Digital Image of Laser Speckle 137References 1398 2D Transparent Soil Imaging and Digital Image Cross-Correlation 1418.1 2D Transparent Soil Model and Imaging 1418.2 Digital Image Correlation (DIC) 1428.3 Main Error Sources in 2D-DIC Measurement 1448.4 Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) 1478.5 Influences of Fused Quartz Grain Size on the Displacement by DIC 1498.5.1 Experimental Program 1508.5.2 Influences of Different Sized Fused Quartz on Displacement Measurement 1508.5.3 Selecting the Query Window Based on Average Gray Gradient 1518.5.4 Influences of Fused Quartz Grain Size on the Query Window Size in DIC 1548.5.5 Translation Test 1558.6 Summary 160References 1609 Camera Calibration Based on Neural Network Method 1639.1 Camera Calibration 1639.2 Neural Network Calibration Method 1649.3 Angle Error Analysis 1689.4 Application in DIC and Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) 1709.5 Summary and Conclusions 172References17310 Three-Dimensional Transparent Soil Imaging and Processing 17510.1 Introduction 17510.2 Transparent Soil Model and Testing Set Up 17610.3 Automatic Tomographic Scanning Measuring Device and Experimental Setup 17810.4 Optimized Particle Image Velocimetry Image Processing Algorithm 18110.5 The Calibration Tests 18210.5.1 The Calibration Tests of Automatic TomographicScanning Measuring Device 18210.5.2 The Accuracy of the Optimized Image Processing Algorithm 18410.6 Modified 3D Reconstruction Method 18410.7 Application to Jacked-Pile Penetration 18610.7.1 Comparison of the Displacement Pattern Between Flat-Ended Pile and Cone-Ended Pile 18610.7.2 Deformation Behaviour During Continuous<