List of figures xxvi
List of tables xxvii
Preface to the second edition xxviii
Preface to the first edition xxx
Acknowledgements xxxii
Credits xxxiii
1 Introduction 1
1.1 About the organization of this book 4
1.2 Examples， back-translations and the languages of illustration 6
Suggestions for further reading 8
Note 9
2 Equivalence at word level 10
2.1 The word in different languages 10
2.2 Lexical meaning 12
2.3 The problem of non-equivalence 16
Exercises 46
Suggestions for further reading 49
Notes 50
3 Equivalence above word level 53
3.1 Collocation 54
3.2 Idioms and fixed expressions 69
Exercises 87
Suggestions for further reading 91
Notes 92
4 Grammatical equivalence 94
4.1 Grammatical versus lexical categories 95
4.2 The diversity of grammatical categories across languages 97
4.3 A brief note on word order 123
4.4 Introducing text 123
Exercises 126
Suggestions for further reading 130
Notes 131
5 Textual equivalence: thematic and information structures 134
5.1 A Hallidayan overview of information flow 136
5.2 The Prague School position on information flow: functional sentence perspective 173
Exercises 184
Suggestions for further reading 189
Notes 191
6 Textual equivalence: cohesion 194
6.1 Reference 194
6.2 Substitution and ellipsis 200
6.3 Conjunction 204
6.4 Lexical cohesion 215
Exercises 228
Suggestions for further reading 232
Notes 233
7 Pragmatic equivalence 235
7.1 Coherence 235
7.2 Coherence and processes of interpretation: implicature 239
7.3 Coherence， implicature and translation strategies 244
Exercises 268
Suggestions for further reading 275
Notes 276
8 Semiotic equivalence 279
8.1 Semiotic resources and semiotic regimes 281
8.2 Creative deployment of semiotic resources 288
8.3 Translating semiotically complex material 292
Exercises 299
Suggestions for further reading 305
Notes 305
9 Beyond equivalence: ethics and morality 307
9.1 Ethics and morality 308
9.2 Professionalism， codes of ethics and the law 316
9.3 The ethical implications of linguistic choices 320
9.4 Concluding remarks 323
Exercises 324
Suggestions for further reading 330
Notes 331
Glossary 334
References 339
Name index 359
Language index 363
Subject index 365
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