目录
1 International Economics Is Different?
2 The Basic Theory Using Demand and Supply
3 Why Everybody Trades: Comparative Advantage?
4 Trade: Factor Availability and Factor Proportions Are Key?
5 Who Gains and Who Loses from Trade??
6 Scale Economies, Imperfect Competition, and Trade?
7 Growth and Trade?
8 Analysis of a Tariff?
9 Nontariff Barriers to Imports?
10 Arguments for and against Protection?
11 Pushing Exports?
12 Trade Blocs and Trade Blocks?
13 Trade and the Environment?
14 Trade Policies for Developing Countries?
15 Multinationals and Migration: International Factor Movements?
16 Payments among Nations?
17 The Foreign Exchange Market?
18 Forward Exchange and International Financial Investment?
19 What Determines Exchange Rates??
20 Government Policies toward the Foreign Exchange Market?
21 International Lending and Financial Crises?
22 How Does the Open Macroeconomy Work??
23 Internal and External Balance with Fixed Exchange Rates?
24 Floating Exchange Rates and Internal Balance?
25 National and Global Choices: Floating Rates and the Alternatives
APPENDIXES
A The Web and the Library: International Numbers and Other Information?
B Deriving Production-Possibility Curves?
C Offer Curves?
D The Nationally Optimal Tariff?
E Accounting for International Payments?
F Many Parities at Once?
G Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply in the Open Economy?
H Devaluation and the Current Account Balance?
SUGGESTED ANSWERS TO ODD-NUMBERED QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS REFERENCES
內容試閱:
International economics combines the excitement of world events and the incisiveness of economic analysis. We are in the second great wave of globalization, in which product, capital, and labor markets become more integrated across countries. This second wave, which began in about 1950 and picked up steam in the 1980s, has lasted longer than the first, which began in about 1870 and ended with World War I (or perhaps with the onset of the Great Depression in 1930).
In the process of globalization, international trade, foreign direct investment, cross border lending, and international portfolio investments have grown faster than world production. In addition, information, data, and rumors now spread around the world instantly through the Internet and other global electronic media.
As the world has become more integrated, countries have become more interdependent. Increasingly, events and policy changes in one country affect many other countries. Also increasingly, companies make decisions about production and product development based on global markets.
It is important to recognize, however, that globalization is not inevitable. Since the 2007?2009 global financial and economic crisis, the process of globalization has slowed markedly. To some extent, we may be in a pause to allow regrouping of the economic forces driving globalization. For example, before the crisis, global financial flows may have over expanded, so a retrenchment is healthy. Other forces resisting globalization are political, including rising nationalism. Are national well-being and globalization enemies? A key task of international economics is to examine the national interest within an internationally linked world.
My goal in writing and revising this book is to provide the best blend of events and analysis, so that the reader builds the abilities to understand global economic developments and to evaluate proposals for changes in economic policies. The book is informed by current ev