Contents
Preface xxxv
List of symbols xxxvi
Chart of the International Phonetic Alphabet xxxvii
1 Introduction 1
2 The production of speech sounds 9
3 Long vowels, diphthongs and triphthongs 19
4 Voicing and consonants 26
5 Phonemes and symbols 37
6 Fricatives and affricates 47
7 Nasals and other consonants 56
8 The syllable 68
9 Strong and weak syllables 77
10 Stress in simple words 88
11 Complex word stress 99
12 Weak forms 107
13 Problems in phonemic analysis 117
14 Aspects of connected speech 129
15 Intonation 1 144
16 Intonation 2 156
17 Intonation 3 164
18 Functions of intonation 1 177
19 Functions of intonation 2 186
20 Varieties of English pronunciation 196
Recorded exercises 206
Audio Unit 1: Introduction 207
Audio Unit 2: English short vowels 207
Audio Unit 3: Long vowels, diphthongs and triphthongs 209
Audio Unit 4: Plosives 211
Audio Unit 5: Revision 214
Audio Unit 6: Fricatives and affricates 216
Audio Unit 7: Further consonants 218
Audio Unit 8: Consonant clusters 220
Audio Unit 9: Weak syllables 222
Audio Unit 10: Word stress 224
Audio Unit 11: Complex word stress 226
Audio Unit 12: Weak forms 228
Audio Unit 13: Revision 230
Audio Unit 14: Elisions and rhythm 231
Audio Unit 15: Tones 233
Audio Unit 16: The tone-unit 234
Audio Unit 17: Intonation 236
Audio Unit 18: Intonation: extracts from conversation 237
Audio Unit 19: Further practice on connected speech 238
Audio Unit 20: Transcription of connected speech 239
Answers to written exercises 241
Answers to recorded exercises 253
Recommendations for general reading 263
Bibliography 267
Index 273