本书是“Learning in Doing·剑桥英语课堂教学系列”中的一本,由具有丰富课堂教学经验的一线教师撰写,作者力图打破“教语法只能是枯燥的”这一误区,为教师们提供了近200种有趣的、生动的语法实践活动,让语法教学生活化、交际化。全书语言简明实用,贴近课堂实际,对英语教师、英语教育研究者来说是一本颇具价值的参考书。
Contents
Thanks and acknowledgements xiii
Introduction 1
Part 1: Background theory and guidelines 3
1 Grammar 3
What is grammar? 3
The grammar practised in this book 3
The place of grammar in language teaching 4
2 Practice 6
Validity 6
Quantity 7
Success-orientation 7
Heterogeneity 8
Interest 9
Summary 10
3 Activities 11
Features of activity design 11
Practical tips 24
Part 2: Activities 27
1 Adjectives 27
1.1DJECTIVE BEFORE THE NOUN 27
1.2 COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES 32
1.3 ADJECTIVES AFTER BE OR OTHER COPULAR VERBS 42
2 Adverbs 44
2.1 MANNER ADVERBS 44
2.2 FREQUENCY ADVERBS 47
3 Conditionals 50
3.1 Finishing conditional sentences 50
3.2 Chains of events 52
3.3 Superstitions 53
3.4 Justifying actions 54
3.5 Looking back 56
3.6 I wish ... 57
4 Future tenses 59
4.1 FUTURE WITH GOING TO 59
4.2 FUTURE WITH WILL 68
4.3 THE FUTURE PERFECT TENSE 72
5 Imperatives 73
5.1 Please! 73
5.2 Directions 74
5.3 Recipes 76
5.4 Dos and don’ts 77
5.5 Symbols 78
5.6 Suggestions 80
6 Indirect speech 81
6.1 INDIRECT STATEMENTS AND QUESTIONS 81
6.2 INDIRECT COMMANDS 86
7 Interrogatives 91
7.1 ‘YES/NO’ QUESTIONS 91
7.2 ‘WH-’ QUESTIONS 99
7.3 ALL TYPES OF QUESTIONS 109
8 Is /are and there is / there are 118
8.1 Describing pictures 118
8.2 Picture dictation 121
8.3 Find a twin picture 122
8.4 Reverse guessing (1) 125
8.5 Is it in my bag? 126
9 Modals 127
9.1 Guessing by abilities 127
9.2 Uses of an object 128
9.3 Desert island equipment 129
9.4 Games and their rules 131
9.5 Rules and recommendations 132
9.6 Duties and privileges 133
9.7 Modal symbols 134
9.8 Dilemmas 136
9.9 Being polite 138
9.10 Deductions 139
9.11 Evidence 140
9.12 Then and now 142
10 Negatives 143
10.1 Erasing picture dictations 143
10.2 What’s the difference? 144
10.3 Picture differences 147
10.4 Questionnaires with negative answers 152
10.5 Don’t say no 154
10.6 Negative hints 155
10.7 Discrepancies 155
11 Nouns, articles and determiners 157
11.1 NOUNS WITH A / AN / THE / ZERO ARTICLE 157
11.2 SINGULAR AND PLURAL, COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS; A/AN/SOME/ANY 164
11.3 BOTH … AND … , NEITHER … NOR … 173
11.4 MUCH, MANY, A LITTLE, A FEW, NO 180
11.5 NOUN MODIFIERS 182
12 Numbers 184
12.1CARDINAL NUMBERS 184
12.2 ORDINAL NUMBERS 188
13 Passives 190
13.1 Passives on the Internet 190
13.2 What is done – and who by? 191
13.3 Describing changes 192
13.4 Writing it up 196
13.5 What’s being done? 196
13.6 Election campaign 197
13.7 It can be done 197
13.8 By men, by women, or by both 198
14 Past tenses ?99
14.1 PAST SIMPLE 199
14.2 PAST PROGRESSIVE 212
14.3 PRESENT PERFECT 217
14.4 PAST PERFECT 231
15 Possessives 233
15.1 Statues 233
15.2 Who is lying? 234
15.3 Family tree 235
15.4 Whose is it? 237
15.5 Distributing goods 238
16 Prepositions 240
16.1 Where were you? 240
16.2 On the table 24?
16.3 In on at 243
16.4 Guessing locations 244
16.5 Describe and arrange 245
16.6 Where would you like to live? 247
16.7 Preposition poem 248
16.8 Who’s she talking to? 249
17 Present tenses 253
17.1 PRESENT SIMPLE 253
17.2 PRESENT PROGRESSIVE 267
18 Pronouns 277
18.1 Reverse guessing (2) 277
18.2 It’s automatic! 278
18.3 Who are they? 281
18.4 Yourselves or each other? 283
19 Relative clauses 284
19.1 Likes and dislikes 284
19.2 Relative quizzes 285
19.3 Write your own test 288
19.4 Extending a story 289
19.5 Things I want to complain about 291
20 Short answers and tag questions 293
20.1 SHORT ANSWERS 293
20.2 TAG QUESTIONS 297
21 Verb structures 300
21.1 ‘TO’ INFINITIVES 300
21.2 ‘-ING’ FORMS OF THE VERB 308
21.3 VERB OBJECTS 313
References and further reading 317
Index 319