前言
西洋参（Panax quinquefolius L.）是五加科人参属多年生草本植物，别名花旗参、洋参、西洋人参，原产于加拿大的魁北克和美国的威斯康星州，1978年我国引种成功。
中医学理论阐明，西洋参性凉、味甘、微苦，可补气养阴、清热生津，用于气虚阴亏，内热，咳喘痰血，虚热烦倦，消渴，口燥喉干。
现代药理学研究表明，西洋参的营养价值及主要生物功能有：
① 保护心血管系统。西洋参具有抗心律失常、抗心肌缺血、抗心肌氧化、强化心肌收缩能力，气阴两虚、心慌气短的冠心病患者长期服用西洋参，疗效显著；西洋参具有调节血压的功能，可有效降低暂时性和持久性血压，有助于高血压、心律失常、冠心病、急性心肌梗死、脑血栓等疾病的恢复。
② 增强中枢神经系统功能。西洋参中的皂苷可以有效增强中枢神经系统功能，达到静心凝神、消除疲劳、增强记忆力等作用，可适用于失眠、烦躁、记忆力衰退及阿尔茨海默
病等。
③ 提高免疫力。西洋参作为补气保健食药材，可以促进血清蛋白、骨髓蛋白及器官蛋白的合成，提高机体免疫力，长期服用可强健体质、延缓衰老等。
④ 促进血液活力。西洋参可以降低血液凝固性、抑制血小板凝聚、抗动脉粥样硬化、促进红细胞生长、增加血色素、净化血液等。
⑤ 治疗糖尿病。西洋参可以降低血糖、调节胰岛素分泌、促进糖代谢和脂肪代谢，对治疗糖尿病有一定辅助作用。
⑥ 抗癌。西洋参可提高机体免疫力，抑制癌细胞生长，有效抵抗癌症的发生及扩散。
2018年我国批准了西洋参作为新资源食品，至此西洋参进入了药食同源时代。扩大了西洋参的应用范围，延长了西洋参的产
业链。
本书共收集了中国吉林省16个县市行政区、北京市、山东省、黑龙江省、辽宁省以及美国、加拿大的西洋参3年、4年参龄样本共46份，分别进行了西洋参中氨基酸、蛋白质、糖类、挥发性成分、核苷酸、黄酮（异黄酮）、人参皂苷、维生素、有机酸、微量元素、甾醇等营养成分及功能因子的分析，并对其含量进行了比较研究，获得了大量的数据。为科学诠释西洋参的保健功能、生物活性及临床功效提供了依据。
本书既可作为相关专业学生的教学辅导书，也可作为相关研究领域科技人员的参考书。
感谢吉林省2020年人参产业重大专项的大力支持！
限于水平，本书不妥之处在所难免，敬请批评指正。
李平亚
2021年8月于长春
Preface
American ginseng， Panax quinquefolius L. is a perennial herb of Araliaceae family， which has many Chinese name. It originated to Quebec， Canada and Wisconsin， the United States， and has been successfully introduced in China since 1978.
Traditional Chinese medicine theory states that American ginseng is cold in nature， sweet in taste and slightly bitter. It can nourish Qi and Yin. American ginseng is used for Qi deficiency and Yin deficiency， internal heat， cough and asthma， phlegm and blood， deficiency heat， fatigue， thirst elimination， dry mouth and throat.
Modern pharmacological studies have shown that American ginseng includes the following nutritional values and biological functions.
1. Protect the cardiovascular system: American ginseng has anti-arrhythmia， anti-myocardial ischemia， anti-myocardial oxidation， strengthen the ability of myocardial contraction. The long-term use of American ginseng has a significant effect in coronary heart disease patients with deficiency of Qi and Yin， palpitation and shortness of breath. American ginseng can regulate blood pressure， effectively reduce temporary and persistent blood pressure， help hypertension， arrhythmia， coronary heart disease， acute myocardial infarction， cerebral thrombosis， and other diseases recovery.
2. Enhance the function of the central nervous system: Saponins in American ginseng can effectively enhance the central nervous system， to achieve meditation， eliminate fatigue， enhance memory and other effects， which can be applied to insomnia， irritability， memory decline and senile dementia and other symptoms.
3. Enhance immunity: American ginseng is considered as the preferred medicinal material for nourishing qi， with the effects of promoting serum protein synthesis， bone marrow protein synthesis and organ protein synthesis.
4. Promote blood vitality: American ginseng can reduce blood coagulation， inhibit platelet aggregation and atherosclerosis， promote the growth of red blood cells and increase heme.
5. Treat diabetes: American ginseng has a certain auxiliary role in the treatment of diabetes， such as reduce blood sugar， regulate insulin secretion， and promote glucose and fat metabolism.
6. Anti-cancer: American ginseng can improve the body immunity， inhibit the growth of cancer cells to effectively resist the occurrence and spread of cancer.
In 2018， China approved American ginseng as a new resource food. By then， American ginseng entered the era of medicine and food homology. This measure has expanded the scope of application of American ginseng and extended its industrial chains.
In this book， a total of 46 samples of American ginseng were collected from 16 Counties and municipalities in Jilin， Beijing， Shandong， Heilongjiang， Liaoning province of China， the United States and Canada and the cultivation ages contained 3 and 4 years respectively. The contents of nutrients and functional factors in American ginseng from different areas were compared and analyzed， including amino acids，proteins，carbohydrate，volatile component，nucleotides，flavonoids（isoflavonoids），ginsenosides，vitamins，organic acids，minor elements，sterols.The data obtained from this study provide a scientific basis for the scientific interpretation of the health function， biological activity and clinical efficacies of American ginseng.
This book can be used as a teaching guide for students in related majors，and a reference book for scientists in related research fields.
Thanks for the great support of the major special project of ginseng industry in Jilin Province in 2020!
Sinsen our limited knowledge，there must be some shortcomings in this book. Comments and suggestions are always welcome.
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