PREFACE
SUMMARY
1 Development Status 001
1.1Overview of Cross-sea Transmission 002
Application Status 002
Technical Routes 003
1.2 Overview of Global Submarine cable 006
1.3 Technical Status 012
Cable 012
Accessories 018
Tests 022
Installing 023
O&M 031
1.4 Economic Status 033
Price Composition and Main Influencing Factors 033
Current Economic Level 036
Evolution Law 038
2 Demands and Targets 039
2.1Demands Analysis 040
Asia 040
Europe 043
North America 045
Africa 047
2.2 Technical Targets 049
Cable 049
Installation 064
2.3 Economic Targets 06
Calculation Procedure 066
Conclusions and Analysis 066
3 Development Bottleneck 069
3.1 Technical Bottleneck 070
Increase of Voltage 070
Increase of Capacity 081
Increase of Distance 083
Increase of Depth 090
3.2 Economic Bottleneck 092
3.3 Market and Political Bottleneck 096
4 Development Roadmap 099
4.1 Overall Evaluations 100
Technical Aspects 100
Economic Aspects 102
Economic Advantages of UHV technology 103
4.2 Action Plans and Milestones 105
2025105
2035106
4.3 R&D Plans 109
Cable 110
Accessories 120
Tooling Equipment 124
Installing and O&M 128
Routing Optimization 130
4.4Development Roadmap 132
Roadmap of Key Technologies 132
Roadmap of the Submarine Cable Industry 132
5 Development Prospect 137
5.1 Comprehensive Benefits 138
Energy interconnection 138
Technology progress 141
Society development 141
5.2 Recommendations 144
Attachments： abbreviationsdefinitions 149
內容試閱：
Cross-sea power transmission has been an important method for offshore wind power development and cross-sea interconnection. More than 7000 km of cross-sea transmission projects have been built up around the world at present, mainly in Europe, Middle East and Southeast Asia, Among which Europe has the almost 95% of the global market. Meanwhile, there are many island and peninsula countries in Asia, having a great potential of offshore power and economy development, which will make the demand of cross-sea transmission increase rapidly.Compared with that of power transmission on land, the total capacity of cross-sea transmission is less than 1%. While compared with that of submarine communication cable and petroleum pipelines, the total length is less than 1% and 10% respectively. Considering rapid increasing demand of clean energy at sea and regional cross-sea interconnection, itis believed that the global cross-sea power transmission will have a great market potentialin the future, which means higher technical and economic requirements are necessary for submarine cable.With the advantages of large capacity, long distance and high efficiency, DC transmission technology has become the main proper method for cross-sea power transmission. Due to its importance in submarine power transmission subjects, the submarine cable has been the key and main bottleneck of cross-sea transmission technology. Globally, the DC submarine cable has reached ±500–±600 kV1500–2500 MW. However, the average market price of submarine cable still remains high, about 5-10 times higher than that of the overhead lines. Driven by the global energy interconnection, the demand will become stronger for offshore wind power and long-distance cross-sea power transmission with large capacity, which means that the current EHVDC submarine cable may not meet the new demands any longer. Looking back on the evolution of ACDC transmission technology, from high voltage to Extra high voltage, even to Ultra high voltage, it is proved that higher voltage, longer distance and larger capacity usually mean a better economy, which is also suitable for submarine cable. Therefore, suggestion of developing ±800 kV–±1100 kV 4000 MW–12000 MW UHVDC submarine cable is officially proposed in this study, which mainly focus on the background, future demand and potential comprehensive benefits. Based on the current technology and economy status, the technical and economic factors, challenges of UHVDC submarine cable in the future are analyzed first, and a possible technical route and the economy evaluation of UHVDC submarine cable are presented, finally the R&D roadmap of UHVDC submarine cable are offered, which could provide support for relevant research institutes and governments, also for promoting the technical development and engineering practice of UHVDC submarine cable. This study could also promote the construction of global energy interconnection, facilitating the sustainable development.The report is divided into 5 chapters.Chapter 1 introduces the current development of cross-sea power transmission and DC submarine cable, including engineering application, technical level and economic level.Chapter 2 analyses the demand for the cross-sea HVDC transmission projects in the future, based on the regional energy development, power grid interconnection and the future global energy interconnection construction demands, and offers specific technical and economic index for the UHVDC submarine cable.Chapter 3 analyses and introduces main technology, economy, market and policy challenges for the development of UHVDC submarine cable.Chapter 4 comes up with the prediction and evaluation for the development trend of UHVDC submarine cable, as well as the economy level. The specific R&D plan is proposed as well, and the corresponding development roadmap is offered.Chapter 5 presents the comprehensive benefits of technical, economic, social and political aspects which would be brought by developing UHVDC cable.Overall, UHVDC submarine cable technology is considered to be a key technology to realize long-distance and large capacity power transmission across the sea, which would have a bright application prospects and huge comprehensive benefits in the future. However, the development of UHVDC submarine cable is also facing many technical challenges, such as materials, manufacturing, designing and installing, which need to be overcome and realized step by step, and under cooperation of everyone from the whole industry. Considering the current situation and trend of technology development, it is predicted that the application of ±800 kV4000 MW UHVDC submarine cable could be realized in 2025, and ±800 kV8000 MW UHVDC submarine cable could be achieved in 2035. With further breakthroughs in materials,±1100 kV12000 MW UHVDC submarine cable might be effected in 2050.
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