C o n t e n t s
Chapter 1 Introduction and Research Objectives 1
1.1 Theory of Dielectric Materials 2
1.1.1 Permittivity 2
1.1.2 Dielectric Loss 4
1.1.3 Relaxation 6
1.2 Classification of Dielectric Materials 8
1.2.1 Non Polar Materials 9
1.2.2 Polar Materials 9
1.3 Application of Dielectrics 12
1.3.1 HighLow Permittivity 12
1.3.2 Energy Storage 13
1.3.3 Wearable Electronics 17
1.4 Dielectric Composites 18
1.4.1 General Concepts of Composites 18
1.4.2 Flexible Polymer-Based Dielectric Composites 20
1.4.3 Ceramic-Glass Dielectric Composites 29
1.4.4 Interface Effect in Composites 30
1.5 Objectives of Research 32
References 33
Chapter 2 Preparation and Characterization Methods 47
2.1 Raw Materials 48
2.1.1 MXene 2-D Material Ti3C2Tx 48
2.1.2 Calcium Copper Titanate CaCu3Ti4O12 50
2.1.3 Barium Titanate BaTiO3 51
2.1.4 Barium Strontium Titanate Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 54
2.2 Conductor-Polymer Composite Fabrication 56
2.2.1 Preparation 56
2.2.2 Optimization 56
2.3 Ceramic-Polymer Composite Fabrication 60
2.3.1 Preparation 60
2.3.2 Optimization 61
2.4 Ceramic-Glass Composite Fabrication 63
2.4.1 Preparation 63
2.4.2 Optimization 66
2.5 Characterization Methods 69
2.5.1 Crystalline Structure Determination 69
2.5.2 Microstructure Analysis 70
2.5.3 Dielectric Properties Analysis 71
2.5.4 Energy Density Calculation 72
References 73
Chapter 3 Conductor-Polymer Composite Using 2-D
Conductive Fillers 79
3.1 Introduction 80
3.2 Samples 81
3.3 Structure and Morphology Characterization 82
3.3.1 X-ray Diffraction 82
3.3.2 Differential Scanning Calorimetry 83
3.3.3 Scanning Electron Microscopy 86
3.3.4 Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy 87
3.4 Dielectric Properties 90
3.4.1 Frequency Dependency of Dielectric Properties at
Room Temperature 90
3.4.2 Temperature Dependency of Dielectric Properties 92
3.4.3 Dielectric Properties at High Electric Fields 94
3.5 Discussion 97
3.5.1 Percolation Threshold 97
3.5.2 Effect of Silicon Coupling Agent 105
3.5.3 Crystallinity Increase Due to Filler Addition 107
3.6 Summary 111
References 112
Chapter 4 Ceramic-Polymer Composite with
Coupling Agent 115
4.1 Introduction 116
4.2 Samples 117
4.3 Structure and Morphology Characterization 118
4.4 Dielectric Properties 121
4.4.1 Dielectric Properties with Different
Filler Contents 121
4.4.2 Temperature Dependency of Dielectric
Properties 125
4.5 Discussion 127
4.5.1 Coverage of Silicon Coupling Agent 127
4.5.2 Effect of Silicon Coupling Agent on
Dielectric Properties 130
4.6 Summary 133
References 134
Chapter 5 Ceramic-Glass Composite 137
5.1 Introduction 138
5.2 Sample and Systems 139
5.3 BaTiO3-SiO2 Composites Prepared by
Conventional Sintering 141
5.3.1 Structure and Morphology Characterization 141
5.3.2 Dielectric Properties 149
5.3.3 Discussion 156
5.4 Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3-SiO2 Composites Prepared
by Conventional Sintering 164
5.4.1 Structure of Composites 164
5.4.2 Dielectric Properties 167
5.4.3 Discussion 172
5.5 Summary 175
References 178
Chapter 6 Conclusions and Perspectives 181
6.1 Conclusions 182
6.2 Perspectives 185
內容試閱：
Preface
Dielectrics, which are materials responding to an external electric field with a polarization, have been widely used in industries.Dielectrics with high permittivity and high breakdown strength are
required for the applications including high charge capacitors and energy storage devices, where the dielectric composites could found their position as the potential candidates. As the commonly used matrix for dielectric composite, glasses and polymers exhibit high breakdown strength, but small permittivity. To increase the permittivity and energy storage density, a great deal of effort has gone into developing the high breakdown strength matrix filled with high permittivity ceramics or conductive materials to create new types of dielectrics that is easier to
process while maintaining useful dielectric properties.
For the purpose of getting the optimized composites for dielectric and energy storage applications, both polymer based and glass based composites were fabricated and studied in the research. By the using of different matrix and fillers and optimization of fabrication process, the
dielectric composites with excellent performances were obtained.
According to the analysis of the data from testing, these composites were proved to be the potential candidates for the applications including high charge capacitors, energy storage device and even wearable electronics.
For the purpose of effectively increase dielectric constant, conductorpolymer was firstly introduced as potential dielectric composites. In this part of research, the 2-D conductors was used as the filler due to its high conductivity and polar polymers was used as the matrix because of the relatively good permittivity and high breakdown strength. It was found that although the increase of dielectric constant by combining 2-D conductive fillers and polymer matrix was proved by previous studies, the application of the composites is still limited by the high loss and low breakdown strength. Therefore, ceramic-polymer dielectric composites were studied as the secondary part of the research to create a composite with high energy and low loss. In both conductor- polymer and ceramic-polymer composites, methods including solution casting, hot
pressing and silicon coupling agent was used in the preparation of polymer-based composites. In the tertiary part of research, the focus points was turned to the detailed studies glass based dielectric composites due to the fact that the type of materials have the ability to keep the balance between high permittivity and energy storage density.
The varieties of nanopowders were studied in making composite pellets by conventional sintering under different conditions, such as molding pressure, sintering temperature, and ceramic powder size. By summarize the results, several conclusions about processing effects were obtained.
The Chapter 1, 2, 3 and 5 of this book was edited by Dr. Yang Tong from Taiyuan University of Science and Technology; the Chapter 4 of this book was cooperatively edited by Mr. Dong Zhang, Mr. Dengyu Zhang, Mr. Zechen Li, Mr. Jun cai Yu from Beijing Institute of Aerospace System Engineering, and Mr. Lei Han, Mr. Yu Cao from Tianjin Long March Launch Vehicle Manufacturing Co. Ltd.
This book was sponsored by the Fund of Shanxi Key Subjects Construction, the Key Laboratory of Magnetic and Electric Functional Materials and Applications in Shanxi Province, Institute of Magnetic Material Engineering and Adcanced Materials, Key Innovation Centre of "1331" Project in Shanxi Province for Magnetoelectronic Materials and Devices, Heavy Machinery Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Taiyuan Heavy Machinery Equipment, Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Metallurgical Device Design Theory and Technology, and the works relevant to this book were supported by the Taiyuan University of Science and Technology Scientific Research Initial Funding 20182028, Doctoral Starting Foundation of Shanxi Province 20192006, Science and Technology Major Project of Shanxi Province MC2016-01, National Natural Science Foundation of China Grant No. 51731003, and Project U610256 supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China.
Yang Tong
September 10th, 2019
Development of Dielectric Composites for Dielectric and Energy Storage Applications
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