Chapter 1 Introduction 001
1.1 Freshwater 002
1.1.1 Ecology and ecosystem 002
1.1.2 Remediation 002
1.1.3 Freshwater ecological remediation 003
1.2 World freshwater and water distribution 003
1.3 Freshwater bodies, sources and distributions in China 009
1.3.1 Freshwater bodies in China 009
1.3.2 Distribution of freshwater across China 013
Review questions 015
Chapter 2 Causes, Effects and Remediation of Freshwater Pollution 016
2.1 Pollution and contamination in freshwater bodies 017
2.1.1 Contamination 017
2.1.2 Pollution 018
2.1.3 Classification of pollutants 020
2.1.4 Eutrophication Nutrient influence 022
2.2 Causes of freshwater pollution in China 023
2.3 Effects of freshwater pollution 031
2.3.1 Health 031
2.3.2 Economic 033
2.3.3 Ecological 033
2.4 Impacts of freshwater pollution 035
2.4.1 Climate change 036
2.4.2 Climate change on lakes 038
2.5 Importance of remediation in freshwater development 039
2.5.1 Clean water is important for our health 039
2.5.2 Water supports our unique ecosystems 040
2.5.3 Water provides us with food to eat 040
2.5.4 Water helps people make a living 040
2.5.5 Water keeps power running 040
2.5.6 Water for recreation 041
2.6 Types of remediation used in freshwater pollution control 041
2.6.1 Physical remediation 042
2.6.2 Chemical remediation 042
2.6.3 Bio-remediation 042
2.7 Freshwater quality parameters 043
2.7.1 Dissolved oxygen 045
2.7.2 pH 046
2.7.3 Temperature 046
2.7.4 Water density Thermal stratification 047
2.7.5 Water depth 048
2.7.6 Nutrient levels 048
2.7.7 Algae concentration Chl-a, phytoplankton and chlorophyll 048
2.7.8 Total phosphorus and total Nitrogen 050
2.7.9 Precipitation 050
2.7.10 Total dissolved solids 050
2.7.11 Total suspended solids 051
2.7.12 Turbidity 051
Review questions 052
Chapter 3 Technologies in Freshwater Remediation 054
3.1 Physical remediation 055
3.1.1 Pump and treat 055
3.1.2 Soil vapour extraction and air sparging 056
3.1.3 Slurping Dual-phase extraction 059
3.1.4 Air stripping 060
3.1.5 Excavation 062
3.1.6 Electrical resistance heating ERH 063
3.1.7 Other techniques 063
3.2 Chemical remediation 065
3.2.1 In situ chemical oxidation ISCO 066
3.2.2 Chemical precipitation remediation 067
3.2.3 Ion exchange 070
3.2.4 Chemical immobilization stabilization and solidification 071
3.2.5 Chemical adsorption 072
3.2.6 Heterogeneous catalysis 075
3.2.7 Others 079
3.3 Biological Bio- remediation 082
3.3.1 Bioremediation of inorganic pollutants 082
3.3.2 Bioremediation of organic pollutants 091
3.3.3 Others 098
Review questions 101
Chapter 4 Case Studies Modern technologies 102
4.1 Asia 102
4.1.1 Rice hydroponic biofilter in a pond-scale aquaponics recirculating system China 102
4.1.2 Black Odorous water China 103
4.1.3 Sponge city China 104
4.1.4 Ecosystem activation system EAS China 105
4.1.5 Methane production from wastewater treatment China 107
4.1.6 Water treatment with UV light Tianjin, Northeast China 109
4.1.7 Modern wastewater treatment plant Qingdao, China 109
4.1.8 Erhai Lake, protection and remediation policies Yunnan Province, China 111
4.1.9 Qinghe wastewater treatment plant Beijing, China 113
4.1.10 South-to-North water diversion project Baiyang Lake,China 114
4.1.11 Sediment remediation China 114
4.2 Europe 116
4.2.1 Smart city France 116
4.2.2 iMetland Spain 117
4.2.3 Advanced membrane technology Israel 120
4.2.4 Advanced nanotechnology 121
4.2.5 Urine separating process 122
4.2.6 SaltGae project 123
4.3 Africa 125
4.4 America 126
4.4.1 Micro electrochemical technology METs USA 126
4.4.2 Membrane filtration technologies USA 128
4.4.3 Phytoremediation using Azolla USA 129
4.4.4 Eutrophication and In-Lake remediation treatments Canada and USA 130
4.5 Others 131
Chapter 5 Future Prospects in Freshwater Ecosystem Management 132
5.1 Wastewater as a resource 132
5.2 The relevance of freshwater protection 134
5.3 Water recreation 137
5.4 Possible future approach 139
5.5 Policies and models 140
5.5.1 Conservation International CI Payment for Ecosystem Services 140
5.5.2 World Estuary Alliance WEA 141
5.5.3 The Yangtze ForumYangtze Conservation & Development Report 141
5.5.4 Wetland Conservation Network 141
5.5.5 Integrated water resource management IWRM 142
5.5.6 Chinas new water policy 144
Abbreviation 146
References 149
內容試閱：
Freshwater plays a crucial role in the health, well-being and livelihood of everyone in the world. It drives a country?s economy, integral to its ecosystems, serves as a recreation and is utilized in diverse ways. China?s freshwater resources are under pressure in terms of quality pollution and quantity scarcity. The country no longer has adequate and clean water to meet all needs considering China?s population and total land area. The decline in the quality of water in China is a major economic, social and environmental problem. This is mainly due to the rapid infrastructure development of the country, industrial and agriculture activities. Freshwater in China and in the world is subject to greater competition than ever before. This book discusses the freshwater problems in the world with an emphasis on China?s status and how they can be solved through remediation technologies.
Introduction to Freshwater Ecological Remediation is an introduction of freshwater pollution and remediation technologies. It also provides an explanation of freshwater ecological remediation. The book offers anyone studying and interested in the components of water bodies worldwide and in China, an essential understanding of major pollutants environmental engineers are battling with and the limitations in existing remediation technologies. It covers the entire breadth of the remediation technologies, providing concise, non-technical explanations of their mechanisms and processes. The book is divided into 5 independent chapters.
Chapter 1 introduces the aimintention of the whole book by defining the main concepts and keywords in the book. They are freshwater, ecology, ecosystem, remediation and freshwater ecological remediation. The chapter continues with a detailed description of the statistics of the earths water distribution. It must be noted that the distribution of the earths water is uneven. In addition, the chapter describes the distribution and major freshwater bodies in Asia and China.
Our freshwater bodies are limited resources thus needs to be protected. In Chapter 2, we describe the types, sources of pollutants and contaminants that destroy the freshwater bodies. The health, economic and ecological impacts of polluted water are very catastrophic. The book provides past, present and future implications on the impact of polluted water. The impact of polluted water bodies on climate change and the environment is further discussed. The chapter continues to describe the freshwater quality parameters for water bodies. We conclude the chapter by describing the importance of remediation freshwater development. This chapter sets up the stage for Chapter 3, which introduces the various technologies in freshwater remediation.
Chapter 3 introduces the conventional and modern technologies in freshwater remediation surface and ground not only used in China but also worldwide. These technologies have been grouped into three major categories based on their methods and mechanism： physical, chemical and biological remediation technologies. The chapter also reveals the pros and cons of these technologies as well as their limitations, and the need to go greener, which is backed up with some case studies. Various categories of remediation technologies are summarized in a table at the end of the chapter.
Chapter 4 outlines case studies of modern green technologies in freshwater remediation and management used in various countries. We discussed case studies from the various continents including Asia with emphasis on China, Europe, Africa and America.
Finally, Chapter 5 describes the future perspective of using wastewater, freshwater and the environment. Furthermore, it introduces environmentally friendly models on how to use wastewater as a resource, ways of protecting the freshwater bodies and the use of water for recreation.
This book, therefore, provides up to date information on water remediation technologies and is essential to everyone since we all have a role to play in maintaining our freshwater bodies. The content is very essential and provide baseline information for scientists and students in the field of environmental ecology, bioremediation, wastewater treatment processes, desalination technologies, water resource and recreation and many others.
The author and co-authors have made significant contributions to both international and local SCIEI journals in the field of environmental science and engineering especially wastewater treatment technologies.In addition, they have also edited or co-edited seven scientific publications in similar disciplines.
Huang Jingyu
February 2019
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