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編輯推薦: |
本书重点阐述信贷人员应掌握财务分析基本原理和辩证关系,明确信贷管理中*主要的人际关系;有效识别报表的性质;阐述具体问题具体分析理论的重要性。阐述企业报表中各科目所体现的业务性质、增减变化一般规律、发生异常的可能情况;完全从实战角度阐述企业编报中可能虚增资产和收入、虚减负债和成本等一般规律,是本书的重点。阐述编制现金流量表的一般方法,重点介绍“倒推法”,有利于解决多数信贷人员不懂得编制现金流量表。
读者对象是信贷从业人员,包括银行、非银行金融机构、网上金融、小贷公司等机构的人员。
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內容簡介: |
本书重点阐述信贷人员应掌握财务分析基本原理和辩证关系,明确信贷管理中*主要的人际关系;有效识别报表的性质;阐述具体问题具体分析理论的重要性。阐述企业报表中各科目所体现的业务性质、增减变化一般规律、发生异常的可能情况;完全从实战角度阐述企业编报中可能虚增资产和收入、虚减负债和成本等一般规律,是本书的重点。阐述编制现金流量表的一般方法,重点介绍“倒推法”,有利于解决多数信贷人员不懂得编制现金流量表。 读者对象是信贷从业人员,包括银行、非银行金融机构、网上金融、小贷公司等机构的人员。
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關於作者: |
徐王强 中国注册会计师、国际注册内部审计师。从事银行工作17年,会计师事务所工作7年。基层工作阅历丰富,理论功底深厚,政策研究水平高,历经区域金融危机,实战经验丰富,曾任多家大中型企业财务顾问,洞悉企业与银行之间围绕融资业务的需求及信贷风险,掌握银企双方业务关键契合点和风险点。提出有效的解决方法和路径,成功实现企业融资,并有效控制银行信贷风险,实现银企双赢,共同发展。
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目錄:
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目 录
章 概述 ······································································································1
节 信贷管理中的人际关系 ······················································1
第二节 调查失败和经营失败 ··························································3
第三节 定性分析与定量分析 ··························································3
第四节 大中型与小微企业分析侧重点 ···········································5
第五节 企业财务报表类型与财务实质分析 ··································10
第六节 调查中的策略运用 ····························································14
第七节 具体问题具体分析 ····························································15
第二章 前期准备 ····························································································17
节 了解企业基本情况 ····························································17
第二节 获取基本信息 ···································································23
第三章 资产项目分析攻略 ···········································································25
节 货币资金 ···········································································25
第二节 应收票据 ···········································································29
第三节 应收账款 ···········································································31
第四节 预付款项 ···········································································38
第五节 其他应收款 ·······································································40
第四节管理费用 ··········································································100
第五节财务费用 ··········································································101
第六节资产减值损失 ··································································102
第七节投资收益 ··········································································103
第八节公允价值变动损益 ···························································104
第九节营业外收支 ······································································105
第六章现金流量分析攻略 ·········································································107
节现金流量表的概念及作用 ···············································107
第二节现金流量表的分类 ···························································108
第三节现金流量表的编制案例及分析 ········································111
第四节倒推法编制简单现金流量表 ············································120
第七章财务指标分析··················································································123
节偿债能力指标 ··································································124
第二节运营能力指标 ··································································130
第三节发展潜力指标 ··································································134
第四节获利能力指标及综合指标分析 ········································136
第八章基础案例分析攻略 ·········································································141
节企业财务分析的流程 ·······················································141
第二节企业税务报表分析攻略 ···················································146
第三节企业银行报表分析攻略 ···················································163
第四节企业银行报表与税务报表对比分析攻略 ·························172
第五节中小企业财务分析攻略 ···················································180
第六节小微企业财务分析攻略 ···················································189
第七节企业集团合并报表分析攻略 ············································192
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內容試閱:
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前 言
2013年以来,我国银行业发展日新月异,对实体经济的支持有目共睹,
到2018年年末,全国贷款总额已达110.5万亿元,比2013年增加51.3万
亿元,增长86.66%。然而国际金融危机后续影响仍在,借款人经营不善、
多头投资、对外担保、逃废债等影响导致的信用风险持续暴露、节节攀升;
部分银行员工道德风险、合规风险事件屡屡发生,银行信贷资产质量持续
恶化的局面尚未得到根本扭转。
截至2018年年末,全国不良贷款2.03万亿元,比2013年年末增加1.43
万亿元,增长238.33%,不良率达到1.83%,比2013年上升0.83个百分
点,增幅83%,受不良贷款影响,拨备覆盖率由2013年的282.7%下降至
186.31%,资本利润率也由19.17%下降至11.73%,不良贷款对银行主要
监管指标的负面影响深远!
党的十八大以来,监管部门为严防出现系统性金融风险,出台了一系
列整治金融市场乱象、促进银行合规经营的措施,如建立或完善企业和个
人征信系统、国家企业信用信息公示系统、法院系统等,丰富了银行获取
企业及个人信用、股权、涉诉等方面信息,银行在获取借款人的财务及非
财务信息方面有明显改善。
但近年来企业多领域投资、跨界经营,子公司孙公司层出不穷,且交
叉持股,关联企业资金往来频繁,财务会计核算更加复杂,财务信息不对称,
真真假假,鱼目混珠,甄别难度极大,财务分析面临的困难更多,如何准
确评估借款人的财务状况、经营成果,降低信贷风险,这仍是银行的短板。
《实战银行信贷:企业财务分析》版出版至今,对企业财务分析
的基本原理仍客观全面,且行之有效,但企业财务分析所处的内外部环境
已发生了巨大变化,财务分析的方法、内容、重点等,也应与时俱进,因
此作者做了升级版对其加以充实和完善,使之更加贴近实战。
本书特别强调要重视企业税务报表,但在实务中有很多银行信贷调查、
审核、审批人员却不以为然,认为税务报表中有很多账外销售、应收应付
账款等因素的存在,可利用性不高。
其实不然,2016 年以来,国家税务部门“金税三期工程”已在全国范
围内逐步实施,企业账外经营现象已逐年减少,税务报表也逐步向企业真
实的财务信息靠拢;2017 年国家税务总局和中国银行业监督管理委员会联
合下发《关于进一步推动“银税互动”工作的通知》,银税合作逐步深入,
银行通过税务部门获取借款企业财务信息变得更加方便和可行。
近年来,我国证券市场对上市公司财务信息质量要求更高,全国近3 500
家上市公司涵盖110 多个细分行业,其公开的财务信息也更容易取得,这些
财务报表及附注信息准确性甚高,必将更加有利于银行将借款人的财务信息
与上市公司进行对比分析,更能准确评估借款人偿债能力和盈利能力,对
于降低银行信贷风险,必将产生积极影响。
当然,高质量的企业财务分析是一项复杂的技术活儿,是银行信贷人
员在信贷政策和知识、企业财务管理、经济法、税法、审计等专业知识和
人际沟通协调能力的综合体现。本书重点就其中涉及的常用财务分析方法
和执业经验进行阐述和交流,希望能起到抛砖引玉的效果,增强信贷从业
人员对借款人财务分析能力,提高贷款调查及审查报告质量,降低银行整
体信贷资产风险。
作者
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