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本教材主要介绍焊接技术与工程专业的基础知识和专业知识英语文献。该教材内容大部分选自国外原版教材,教材共分九章,内容包括焊接技术与工程专业知识的诸多方面的英语文献。内容涉及现代工程结构材料、金属材料的力学性能及热物理性能、钢的热处理、电弧物理等焊接技术基础知识,以及弧焊电源、焊接方法及设备、焊接冶金学、焊接工艺、焊接应力与变形、焊接自动化及焊接质量检验等焊接专业知识。 本书为高等院校焊接专业学生专用教材,也可以供从事焊接技术与工程领域工作的工程技术人员参考。
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Chapter 1Welding Technology Fundamental1 11Modern Engineering Structural Material1 12Mechanical Property of Metal Material3 13Thermophysical Property of Metal Material4 131Specific Heat4 132Thermal Expansion5 133Thermal Conductivity5 134Melting Point or Melting Range5 135Thermionic Work Function6 14Principal Types of Heat Treatment of Steel6 15Arc Physics6 151Stability of Electric Arc6 152Stability of AC Arc 8 Chapter 2Arc Welding Power Source16 21Classification of Power Source16 211AC Power Supplies16 212DC power supplies19 213Inverse Source of Arc Welding20 22Electrical Characteristics of Power Source21 221Constant Voltage21 222Constant Current21 223Combined ConstantCurrent and ConstantVoltage Characteristics22 23Selecting and Specifying a Power Source22 Chapter 3Arc Welding Process25 31Shielded MetalArc Welding25 32Gas ShieldedArc Welding27 321Specific Advantages of Gasshielded Arc28 322Types of GasShielded Arc Processes28 323Gas Tungsten ArcTig28 324Gas Metal ArcMig31 325CO2 Welding34 326Pulsed Arc Welding35 33Submerged Arc Welding Fundamentals of the process36 331Definition and general description36 332Principles of operation37 34Plasma Arc Welding38 341Keyhole Action39 342Arc Shaping39 343Operating Data39 344Applications40 345Summary40 Chapter 4Other Welding Methods41 41Resistance Welding41 411Introduction41 412Resistance Spot WeldingRSW42 413Projection Welding44 414Resistance Seam Welding RSEW45 415Upset Butt Welding 46 416Flash Butt Welding47 42Friction Stir Welding49 421Introduction49 422Principles50 423Friction Stir Tool51 424Friction Stirring Imperfections55 43Laser Beam Welding56 431Introduction56 432Principles58 433Metals Welded60 434Machines60 435Parameters and Technology62 44Electron Beam Welding63 441Introduction63 442Principles64 443Variations66 444Equipment67 445Safety68 Chapter 5Welding Metallurgy69 51Chemical Reactions in Welding69 511Overview69 512GasMetal Reactions70 513SlagMetal Reactions 79 52Weld Metal Solidification85 521Epitaxial Growth at Fusion Boundary85 522Nonepitaxial Growth at Fusion Boundary86 523Competitive Growth in Bulk Fusion Zone87 524Effect of Welding Parameters on Grain Structure88 525Weld Metal Nucleation Mechanisms89 526Grain Structure Control94 53The Microstructure and Properties of Heataffected Zone97 531Welding Thermal Cycle98 532The Microstructure Changes in the HAZ98 533Hardness Distribution in the HAZ101 534Welding Cracks in the HAZ105 Chapter 6Weldability of Material109 61Weldability of Material and Testing Method109 611Weldability of Material109 612Weldability Evaluation and Test Method112 62Weldability of low carbon steel114 621Metallurgy of the liquid weld metal114 622Solidification and solidification cracking119 623Stress intensification,embrittlement and cracking of fusion welds below the solidus121 624Lamellar tearing124 625Reheat Cracking125 63Weldability of Magnesium and Its Alloys128 631Alloys and Welding Procedures128 632Oxide Film Removal128 633Cracking128 634Mechanical Properties129 635Corrosion Resistance and Fire Risk129 Chapter 7Residual Stresses,Distortion and Fatigue130 71Residual stresses130 711Development of residual stresses130 712Analysis of Residual Stresses131 72Distortion133 721Cause133 722Remedies133 73Fatigue134 731Mechanism134 732Fractography135 733SN Curves135 734Effect of Joint Geometry135 735Effect of Stress Raisers136 736Effect of Corrosion137 737Remedies137 74Case Studies138 741Failure of a Steel Pipe Assembly138 742Failure of a Ball Mill138 Chapter 8Automation of Welding140 81Introduction of Automatic Welding System140 82Flexible Automation of Welding143 83ARC Welding Robots145 831Introduction145 832Robot Manipulator Configuration147 833Robot Welding Application151 834Buying a Welding Robot154 835Robot Safety154 84Controls for Automatic Arc Welding156 841Automatic Welding Controllers156 842Robot Controllers159 843Teaching the Robot159 844Robot Memory161 845Weld Execution161 85Sensors and Adaptive Control162 851Introduction162 852Contact Sensors164 853Noncontact Sensor Systems165 86Tooling and Fixtures168 Chapter 9Welding Quality Inspection171 91Welding Defects171 911Definition and Types171 912Cracks171 913Porosity172 914Solid Inclusion172 915Lack of Fusion and Inadequate or incomplete penetration173 916Imperfect Shape173 92Nondestructive Testing174 921Radiographic Testing174 922Ultrasonic TestingUT177 923Magnetic Particle InspectionMPI178 924Liquid Penetrant TestingPT179 93Destructive Test182 931Tension Tests182 932Bend Tests182 933Charpy Tests183 934Hardness Testing183 94Radiograph Interpretation184 941General Welding Discontinuities184 942Other Discontinuities188 References190
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本教材是普通高等教育材料成型及控制工程系列规划教材之一,适用于焊接技术与工程专业,以及材料成型及控制工程、机械制造工程和材料科学与工程等专业的焊接方向。 焊接技术是国内外重大装备制造业的关键技术之一,广泛应用于工程机械制造业、航空航天、海洋资源开发、舰船制造业、交通车辆及兵器制造业等。同时,世界经济正在全球化,世界市场在一体化,焊接加工的产品遍布世界各地,某重大装备各个焊接部件可能在不同国家进行焊接加工,并促成不同国家焊接工程技术人员的交流。英语是国际通用语言之一,使用范围广泛,因此,掌握焊接专业英语是国际化焊接工程师必备的素质之一,是了解国际先进焊接技术及发展前沿的工具。 本教材旨在提高学生焊接专业英语阅读和翻译能力,通过学习与焊接专业相关的科技英语文献提高学生在该领域的英语应用能力;了解科技英语的特点和结构;理解科技英语的常用语法、专业术语、词汇和缩写;能以英语为工具与国外工程技术人员交流以完成国际焊接工程。 教材共分九章,选材新颖,覆盖面广,内容涵盖了焊接技术与工程专业知识的各个方面。内容涉及现代工程结构材料、金属材料的力学性能及热物理性能、钢的热处理、电弧物理等焊接技术基础知识,以及弧焊电源、焊接方法及设备、焊接冶金学、焊接工艺、焊接应力与变形、焊接自动化及焊接质量检验等焊接专业知识。 该教材由太原科技大学吴志生、柏艳红和美国奥本大学黎穗琼主编。第1章由吴志生和黎穗琼编写,第2章由黎穗琼和柏艳红编写,第3章由赵菲编写,第4章由李志勇编写,第5章由程方杰和柏艳红编写,第6章由苏允海编写,第7章由张鑫和吴志生编写,第8章由柏艳红编写,第9章由陈少平编写。 由于编者水平有限,时间仓促,书中难免有错误和不足之处,恳请广大读者和同行批评指正。 编者2012年10月
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