目录
Contents
绪论Introduction
第1章土的物理性质及分类Physical Properties of Soil
and Soil Classification
1.1概述Introduction
1.2土的形成Soil Formation
1.2.1风化作用Weathering
1.2.2搬运与沉积Transportation and Sedimentation
1.3土的组成Composition of Soil
1.3.1固体颗粒Solid Particle
1.3.2土中水Water in Soil
1.3.3土中气Air in Soil
1.4土的结构与构造Soil Fabric and Soil Structure
1.4.1土的结构Soil Fabric
1.4.2土的构造Soil Structure
1.5土的物理性质指标Physical Property Indexes of Soil
1.5.1基本指标Basic Indexes
1.5.2换算指标Converted Indexes
1.5.3指标之间的换算Relationships between Indexes
1.6土的物理状态指标Physical State Indexes of Soil
1.6.1无黏性土的相对密度Relative Density of Cohesionless Soil
1.6.2黏性土的界限含水量及状态指标Boundary Water Contents and
State Indexes of Cohesive Soil
1.7土的分类Soil Classification
1.7.1土的分类原则Principles of Soil Classification
1.7.2《土的工程分类标准》的分类Classification of Standard for
Engineering Classification of Soil
1.7.3《建筑地基基础设计规范》的分类Classification of Code for
Design of Building Foundation
1.8土的压实Soil Compaction
1.8.1黏性土的压实Compaction of Cohesive Soil
1.8.2无黏性土的压实Compaction of Cohesionless Soil
思考题（Thinking Questions）
习题（Exercises）
第2章土中应力Stresses in Soil
2.1概述Introduction
2.2应力、应变和土的弹性变形Stresses, Strains and Elastic
Deformation of Soil
2.2.1应力Stresses
2.2.2应变Strains
2.2.3胡克定律Hookes Law
2.3有效应力原理The Principle of Effective Stress
2.4土的自重应力Stresses Due to SelfWeight of Soil
2.4.1竖向自重应力Vertical Stress Due to SelfWeight of Soil
2.4.2水平自重应力Horizontal Stress Due to SelfWeight of Soil
2.5基底压力Contact Pressure under Foundations
2.5.1柔性基础与刚性基础的基底压力分布Contact Pressure Distribution
under Flexible Foundations and Rigid Foundations
2.5.2基底压力的简化计算Simplified Calculation of
Contact Pressure
2.5.3基底附加压力Additional Pressure under Foundations
2.6地基附加应力Additional Stresses in Soil
2.6.1集中力作用下的地基附加应力Additional Stresses
in Soil Due to a Point Load
2.6.2分布荷载作用下的地基附加应力Additional Stresses in
Soil Due to Distributed Loads
2.6.3平面应变问题的地基附加应力Additional Stresses in
Soil under Plain Strain Condition
思考题（Thinking Questions）
习题（Exercises）
第3章土的渗透性与渗流Permeability and Flow of
Water through Soil
3.1概述Introduction
3.2土的渗透规律Law for Flow of Water through Soil
3.2.1水头与水力梯度Head and Hydraulic Gradient
3.2.2达西渗透定律Darcys Law
3.2.3渗透系数的测定Determination of the Coefficient
of Permeability
3.2.4影响渗透系数的因素Factors Affecting the Coefficient of
Permeability
3.2.5层状地基的等效渗透系数The Equivalent Permeability of
Stratified Soil
3.3渗透力及渗透破坏Seepage Force and Seepage Failure
3.3.1渗透力Seepage Force
3.3.2渗透破坏Seepage Failure
3.4二维渗流与流网TwoDimensional Flow and Flow Nets
3.4.1二维稳定渗流场的拉普拉斯方程Laplaces Equation for
TwoDimensional Steady Flow
3.4.2流网及其应用Flow Nets and Their Application
3.4.3各向异性土体的流网Flow Nets for Anisotropic Soil
思考题（Thinking Questions）
习题（Exercises）
第4章土的一维压缩与固结OneDimensional Compression and
Consolidation of Soil
4.1概述Introduction
4.2土的一维压缩特性及压缩性指标Characteristics of OneDimensional
Compressibility of Soil and Compressibility Parameters
4.2.1侧限压缩试验Laterally Confined Compression Test
4.2.2压缩性指标Compressibility Parameters
4.2.3应力历史对土的压缩性的影响Effects of Stress History
on Soil Compressibility
4.3地基最终沉降量的计算Settlement Calculation
4.3.1均质薄土层的一维压缩计算Calculation of OneDimensional
Compression of a Uniform Thin Layer of Soil
4.3.2地基最终沉降量计算的分层总和法Splitting Summation Method
for Settlement Calculation
4.4饱和土的渗流固结Seepage Consolidation of Saturated Soil
4.4.1饱和土的渗流固结模型Seepage Consolidation Model of
Saturated Soil
4.4.2太沙基一维渗流固结理论OneDimensional Seepage
Consolidation Theory of Terzaghi
4.5固结系数的确定方法Determination of the Coefficient
of Consolidation
4.5.1时间平方根法The Root Time Method
4.5.2时间对数法The Log Time Method
4.6黏土的次固结沉降Secondary Consolidation of Clay
思考题（Thinking Questions）
习题（Exercises）
第5章土的剪切性状和抗剪强度Shear Behavior and Shear Strength
of Soil
5.1概述Introduction
5.2排水条件下土的典型剪切性状Typical Shear Behavior of Soil
under Drained Condition
5.2.1剪应力作用下土的典型性状Typical Behavior of Soil to
Shearing Stress
5.2.2法向有效应力对土的剪切性状的影响Effect of Normal
Effective Stress on Shear Behavior of Soil
5.3土的抗剪强度理论Theory of Shear Strength of Soil
5.3.1库仑公式及抗剪强度指标Coulombs Law and Shear
Strength Parameters
5.3.2莫尔库仑强度理论MohrCoulomb Strength Theory
5.3.3土的极限平衡状态Limit Equilibrium State of Soil
5.4土的剪切试验Shear Tests of Soil
5.4.1直接剪切试验Direct Shear Test
5.4.2常规三轴试验Conventional Triaxial Test
5.4.3无侧限抗压强度试验Unconfined Compression Test
5.4.4十字板剪切试验Vane Shear Test
5.4.5其他试验方法Other Test Methods
5.5常规三轴试验中土的等向压缩性状和剪切性状Isotropic Compression
and Shear Behavior of Soil in Conventional Triaxial Tests
5.5.1三轴应力条件下的孔隙压力系数Pore Pressure Coefficients
under the Triaxial Stress Condition
5.5.2常规三轴压缩试验的应力路径Stress Paths in Conventional
Triaxial Compression Tests
5.5.3常规三轴试验中土的等向压缩性状Isotropic Compression
Behavior of Soil in Conventional Triaxial Tests
5.5.4常规三轴压缩试验中砂土的剪切性状Shear Behavior of Sand in
Conventional Triaxial Compression Tests
5.5.5常规三轴压缩试验中黏土的剪切性状Shear Behavior of Clay in
Conventional Triaxial Compression Tests
思考题（Thinking Questions）
习题（Exercises）
第6章土的临界状态和本构模型Concept of the Critical State
and Constitutive Models of Soil
6.1概述Introduction
6.2土的临界状态Concept of the Critical State of Soil
6.2.1临界状态的定义Definition of the Critical State
6.2.2基于临界状态的黏土行为预测Prediction of Clay Behavior
Based on the Concept of the Critical State
6.3弹塑性模型及塑性理论基础ElastoPlastic Models and
Basic Concepts of Plastic Theory
6.3.1弹塑性模型ElastoPlastic Models
6.3.2塑性理论基础Basic Concepts of Plastic Theory
6.4剑桥黏土模型CamClay Models
6.4.1原始剑桥黏土模型The Original CamClay Model
6.4.2修正剑桥黏土模型The Modified CamClay Model
6.5与状态相关的剪胀性砂土模型A Sand Model with
StateDependent Dilatancy
6.5.1与状态相关的剪胀性StateDependent Dilatancy
6.5.2三轴应力空间简化砂土模型A Simplified Sand Model
in the Triaxial Stress Space
思考题（Thinking Questions）
习题（Exercises）
第7章非饱和土的基本性状Fundamental Behavior of
Unsaturated Soil
7.1概述Introduction
7.2毛细作用和吸力Capillarity and Suction
7.2.1收缩膜和表面张力Contractile Skin and Surface Tension
7.2.2毛细作用Capillarity
7.2.3吸力Suction
7.3非饱和土的应力状态变量Stress State Variable for Unsaturated Soil
7.3.1非饱和土有效应力变量Effective Stress Variable for
Unsaturated Soil
7.3.2双独立应力状态变量Two Independent Stress State Variables
7.4非饱和土的水力特性Hydraulic Properties of Unsaturated Soil
7.4.1非饱和土的持水特性Retention Properties of Unsaturated Soil
7.4.2非饱和土的渗流规律及渗透特性Flow Law and Seepage Properties
of Unsaturated Soil
7.5非饱和土的变形性状Deformation Behavior of Unsaturated Soil
7.5.1吸力对非饱和土变形性状的影响Effect of Suction on Deformation
Behavior of Unsaturated Soil
7.5.2非饱和土变形的弹性理论Elasticity Theory for Deformations of
Unsaturated Soil
7.6非饱和土的抗剪强度特性Shear Strength Properties of Unsaturated Soil
7.6.1吸力对抗剪强度的贡献Contribution of Suction to Shear
Strength
7.6.2非饱和土抗剪强度理论Shear Strength Theory for
Unsaturated Soil
思考题Thinking Questions
习题Exercises
第8章土压力理论Earth Pressure Theories
8.1概述Introduction
8.2挡土结构及土压力Retaining Structures and Earth Pressures
8.2.1挡土结构的类型Types of Retaining Structure
8.2.2土压力类型Types of Earth Pressure
8.2.3土压力理论Earth Pressure Theories
8.3静止土压力的计算Calculation of the Earth Pressure at Rest
8.4朗肯土压力理论Rankines Earth Pressure Theory
8.4.1朗肯主动土压力Rankines Active Earth Pressure
8.4.2朗肯被动土压力Rankines Passive Earth Pressure
8.5库仑土压力理论Coulombs Earth Pressure Theory
8.5.1库仑主动土压力Coulombs Active Earth Pressure
8.5.2库仑被动土压力Coulombs Passive Earth Pressure
8.5.3黏性土的库仑土压力Coulombs Earth Pressure
for Cohesive Soil
8.6朗肯与库仑土压力理论的比较Comparison between Rankines and
Coulombs Earth Pressure Theories
8.7几种常见情况下的土压力计算Earth Pressure Calculation
in Several Common Situations
8.7.1作用均布荷载时Effect of UniformlyDistributed Loads
8.7.2墙后土体分层Effect of Layered Backfills
8.7.3有地下水作用Effect of Ground Water
思考题（Thinking Questions）
习题（Exercises）
第9章土坡稳定分析Stability Analysis of Soil Slopes
9.1概述Introduction
9.2无黏性土坡稳定分析Stability Analysis of Cohesionless Slopes
9.2.1无渗流作用时的无黏性土坡Cohesionless Soil Slopes
without Seepage
9.2.2有渗流作用时的无黏性土坡Cohesionless Soil Slopes under
Seepage Condition
9.3黏性土坡稳定分析Stability Analysis of Cohesive Slopes
9.3.1整体圆弧滑动法The Circular Slip Surface Method
9.3.2条分法The Slices Method
9.4黏性土坡稳定分析的其他方法Other Methods for Stability
Analysis of Cohesive Slopes
9.4.1稳定数法The Stability Number Method
9.4.2不平衡推力法The Imbalance Thrust Force Method
思考题（Thinking Questions）
习题（Exercises）
第10章地基承载力Bearing Capacity of Foundation Soil
10.1概述Introduction
10.2地基破坏模式Failure Modes of Foundation Soil
10.2.1整体剪切破坏General Shear Failure
10.2.2局部剪切破坏Local Shear Failure
10.2.3冲切破坏Punching Shear Failure
10.3地基临塑荷载和临界荷载The Critical Edge Pressure and the
Critical Pressure of Foundation Soil
10.3.1塑性区边界方程的推导Derivation of the Boundary Equation
of Plastic Zone
10.3.2临塑荷载及临界荷载The Critical Edge Pressure and
the Critical Pressure
10.4地基极限承载力The Ultimate Bearing Capacity of Foundation Soil
10.4.1普朗德尔瑞斯纳公式PrandtlReissners Equation
10.4.2太沙基公式Terzaghis Equation
10.4.3汉森公式Hansens Equation
10.4.4地基承载力的安全度Factor of Safety for Bearing Capacity
of Foundation Soil
思考题（Thinking Questions）
习题（Exercises）
附录A常用术语符号表Notations
附录B习题参考答案Reference Answers
参考文献References
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