ISBN 978-7-5020-5583-7
开本787mm1092mm 116 印张16 字数 323千字
版次2017年6月第1版2017年6月第1次印刷
社内编号8446 定价108.00元
内容提要
本书是研究综放开采顶煤与顶板活动规律的专著。作者抓住综放开采采厚大、顶板活动空间大、顶煤体力学变形特征在围岩活动规律与支架-围岩相互作用关系中起关键作用的特点，深入研究了综放开采顶煤运移规律。从综放工作面顶板控制的角度，给出了综放开采直接顶、基本顶的新定义；从上位顶板对综放支架有无作用力的角度提出了有变形压力岩层与无变形压力岩层。在此基础上研究了综放开采上位岩层形成组合短悬臂梁-铰接岩梁结构的机理，得出了综放支架工作阻力下限值的计算公式及影响因素。将此理论应用于浅埋煤层综放开采中，得出了不同地质条件下覆岩所成结构与液压支架工作阻力下限值的确定方法。ISBN 978-7-5020-5583-7
开本787mm1092mm 116 印张 16 字数 323千字
版次2017年6月第1版 2017年6月第1次印刷
社内编号8446 定价108.00元
内容提要
本书是研究综放开采顶煤与顶板活动规律的专著。作者抓住综放开采采厚大、顶板活动空间大、顶煤体力学变形特征在围岩活动规律与支架-围岩相互作用关系中起关键作用的特点，深入研究了综放开采顶煤运移规律。从综放工作面顶板控制的角度，给出了综放开采直接顶、基本顶的新定义；从上位顶板对综放支架有无作用力的角度提出了有变形压力岩层与无变形压力岩层。在此基础上研究了综放开采上位岩层形成组合短悬臂梁-铰接岩梁结构的机理，得出了综放支架工作阻力下限值的计算公式及影响因素。将此理论应用于浅埋煤层综放开采中，得出了不同地质条件下覆岩所成结构与液压支架工作阻力下限值的确定方法。
Executive Summary
This book is on studies of movement regularities of top coal and roof in top coal caving mining. In top coal caving mining, mining thickness and space for roof movement is large, and top coal deforms under mechanics. These play a key role in the interactions between surrounding rocks and hydraulic supports. Based on these properties, the author proposed new definitions of basic roof and immediate roof in top coal caving, rock strata with deformation pressure and rock strata without deformation pressure depending on whether or not forces are posed on hydraulic supports from the strata. The author then studied the mechanism of combined short cantilever beams-hinged rock beams structure formed by the upper rock strata. From this mechanism, the author proposed the calculation formula and influence factors on lower limit value of hydraulic supports in top coal caving. Applying the theory in top coal caving mining for shallow coal seam, the author also proposed the determination methods on both structures of overlying strata and the lower limit value under different geological conditions.
This book can be used as a reference book for both college students and field engineers in coal mining industry.
1 Introduction
1.1 Overview
1.2 Technology development of fully mechanized top coal caving
1.3 Typical process mode of fully mechanized top coal caving
1.4 Characteristics of strata behaviors in fully mechanized top coal caving
1.5 Research status on structures of overlying strata over fully mechanized topcoal caving area
1.6 Research status on relations between hydraulic supports and surrounding rocks in fully mechanized top coal caving
1.7 Determination of working resistance of hydraulic supports for fully mechanized top coal caving
2 Field study on movement regularities of top coal and roof in fully mechanized top coal caving
2.1 Field measurement of movement of coal and roof at No. 15011 Fully Mechanized Top Coal Caving Face in Micun Coal Mine, Zhengzhou City
2.2 Field measurement of movement of top coal and roof at No. 15051 Fully Mechanized Top Coal Caving Face in Micun Coal Mine, Zhengzhou City
2.3 Field measurement of movement of top coal and roof at No. 15 Fully Mechanized Top Coal Caving Face at Yangquan Coal Mine
2.4 Field measurement of movement of top coal at No. 7101 Fully Mechanized Top Coal Caving Face in Shuiyu Coal Mine, Fenxi City
2.5 Field measurement of fracture development in top coal at No. 4309 Fully Mechanized Top Coal Caving Face in Wangzhuang Coal Mine, Luan City and at No. 8902 Fully Mechanized Top Coal Caving Face in Xinzhouyao Coal Mine, Datong City
3 Theoretical study on top coal movement in fully mechanized top coal caving
3.1 Theoretical analysis of top coal movement in fully mechanized caving mining
3.2 Application of damage mechanics theory in top coal division
3.3 Establishing top coal movement equation with damage mechanics theory
4 Field study of strata behavior in fully mechanized top coal caving mining
4.1 Field reseach on roof movement in fully mechanized top coal caving mining in Tashan Coal Mine
4.2 Field reseach on strata behavior in fully mechanized top coal caving face in Qianshuta Coal Mine
5 Analog simulation study on fully mechanized top coal caving mining
5.1 Analog simulation test design
5.2 Dynamic evolution of the combined short cantilever rock beams-articulated rock beams structure
5.3 The effection of combined short cantilever rock beams-articulated rock beams structure on mine pressure
5.4 Effection on cutting thickness of combined short cantilever rock beams-articulated rock beams structure
5.5 Effection on cutting height of combined short cantilever rock beams-articulated rock beams structure
5.6 Chapter summary
6 Similarity simulation study of fully mechanized top coal caving mining in Yushen mining area
6.1 Establishment of similarity simulation experimental model
6.2 Effect of burial depth on overlying strata movement at working face in fully mechanized top coal caving
6.3 Effect of mining thickness on overlying strata movement at working face in fully mechanized top coal caving
6.4 Effect of bedrock thickness on overlying strata movement at working face in fully mechanized top coal caving
6.5 Effect of ratio of bedrock thickness and mining thickness on overlying strata movement at working face in fully mechanized top coal caving
6.6 Chapter summary
7 Determination of working resistance of support based on structural characteristics of roof in fully mechanized top coal caving mining
7.1 New concept of immediate roof and basic roof in fully mechanized top coal caving mining area
7.2 Lower limit calculation of working resistance of hydraulic support in fully mechanized caving
7.3 Calculation of working resistance for caving support in other special roof structure in fully mechanized top coal caving mining
7.4 Analysis on influential factors on working resistance of fully mechanized top coal caving support
7.5 Chapter summary
8 Field application of working resistance lower limit determination for fully mechanized caving support
8.1 No. 8105 fully mechanized top coal caving working face in Tashan Coal Mine
8.2 No. 11305 fully mechanized top coal caving working face in Qianshuta Coal Mine
Preface
Mining activities incur rock movement in the surrounding area underground. Rock strata disturbed by mining are called mining strata, which ranges from floor, roof and to the surface Subject to variable factors such as mining parameters, rock composition, and ground stress, underground surrounding rock movement is hard to quantify, but it exist anyhow. The rock movement expands with the range of mining area. Horizontally, some rocks collapse while others get new balances through restructuring. Vertically, strata movement goes upward, spreading to larger area, and in some cases even to the surface, causing subsidence. The whole dynamic process of surrounding rocks caused by mining activities is the basic feature of movement of mining strata.
Fundamental philosophy of underground support at mining areas and roadways is keeping surrounding rocks from collapse while maintaining them in temporary stability during operation time. Requirement for underground surrounding rock stability is temporary. As long as the rocks do not collapse just during operation, the conditions for mining can be satisfied. From the point of view of strata control, timely collapse after operation is more desirable because that will make the working face safe from large roof caving. That keeping the strata in temporary stability during operation while after that making the strata collapse timely marks the first feature of underground mining strata control.
Surrounding rocks in the operation area move both horizontally and vertically. Being resistant to top pressure, there tend to appear tension cracks in rock masses. Supporting tools protect the mining area by interacting with these cracked rock masses and creating a temporary stable structure. In other words, the mining activities caused tension fractures in surrounding rocks and the existing mechanics are interrupted in some extent. But because of the temporary stable structures formed between supporting tools and rock masses, the mining area can be protected from roof falling. That is the second feature of mining strata controlcreating temporary stable structures with supporting tools by interacting with mechanically disturbed coal and rock masses.
With the advancing of mining operation, the goaf area expands and displacement of surrounding rocks increases gradually. The status of surrounding structures turns from being stable to unstable. That is the third feature of the mining stratathe dynamic conversion from temporary stability to instability with the advancing of mining operation.
Since structures under temporary stability protect the mining area, it is important to study the balance conditions and influence factors in the structures, accordingly taking measures to keep the mining strata from being unstable. Balance conditions for the temporary structures are just the core of study on mining strata control. Based on such studies, measures can thus be taken to prevent roof disasters. That is just the basic philosophy of strata control in mining study.
Fully mechanized top coal caving for thick or ultrathick coal seams dates back to 1982 in China. The technique has played an important role in improving coal production and efficiency in China. Through much studies and practices, it has been much improved. In top coal caving, the mining thickness is bigger, and the moving space of roof in gob areas is larger. Roof movement and strata behaviors are different with those in the long wall mining of subthick coal seams. According to the rule of underground pressure, people used to presume that strata behaviors must be intense in top coal caving. While in real practice, the strata behavior is by no means intense when coal seams are less than 10 meters thick. Field measured pressure in some top coal caving mines is even less than that in the upper layer of long wall multilayer mining. However, when the mining thickness is larger than 10 meters, which is called top coal caving with large mining height, the strata behavior are severe. Different with ordinary long wall mining in subthick coal seams, and also variable at top coal caving in different thickness, the dramatic characteristics of strata behavior in top coal caving with large mining height prompted strong academic interest and responsibility among scholars, to explore the temporary balance conditions, to ascertain the lower limit of working resistance for hydraulic support, and to seek strata control measurement in top coal caving with large mining height.
To achieve such goal, the author has analyzed the difference between the support systems composed by main roof, immediate roof, top coal, hydraulic support and floor in top coal caving and the support system in sub-thick long wall mining. Focusing on the changes of top coal and its impact to upper roof, the author proposes the concepts of squeezing arch balance structure among upper strata in top coal caving and the structure of combined short cantilever rock beams-articulated rocked beams.
In this book the author tries to elaborate the formation of the structure, its balance conditions, and calculation of lower limit of working resistance for hydraulic supports, hoping that will help in mining engineering and in determination of working resistance for top coal caving hydraulic supports.
Control of mining strata movement is at the core in mining pressure study, which is not an easy job. But it is even harder to quantize the movement and put it into application. Many questions are still on the list to be solved. In particular some parameters are always puzzling in actual applications. The author is looking forward to joint efforts from fellow scholars to tackle the difficulties and promote the study of mining strata control.
By this book, the author would like to thank doctorial supervisor Prof. Lu Shiliang, Prof. Wu Jian, and postgraduate supervisor Prof. Shi Pingwu for their years of guidance, and also to appreciate my postgraduate students for their hard work. The author is also grateful to China Coal Technology & Engineering Group Corp. and Tiandi Science & Technologyco.,Ltd for providing sound working and research condition.
Comments and suggestions are welcome for any deficiencies in this book.
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