许渊冲--诗译英法*人 ，北京大学教授，翻译家。希望这套许氏译本能使英语读者对中国经典诗文也能知之，好之，乐之，能够分享孔子、老子的智慧，分享唐诗、宋词、中国古典戏曲的优美，并以此促进东西文化的交流。值得珍藏。许渊冲先生从事翻译工作70年，2010年12月荣获中国翻译文化终身成就奖。他被称为将中国诗词译成英法韵文的*专家，经他的妙手，许多中国经典诗文被译成出色的英文和法文韵语。这套中国经典诗文集就是由他所译，前半部分是英文，后半部分是中文。Ancient Chinese classic poems are exquisite works of art. As far as 2,000 years ago, Chinese poets composed the beautiful work Book of Poetry and Elegies of the South, Later, they created more splendid Tang poetry and Song lyrics. Such classic works as Thus Spoke the Master and Laws： Divine and Human were extremely significant in building and shaping the culture of the Chinese nation. These works are both a cultural bond linking the thoughts and affections of Chinese people and an important bridge for Chinese culture and the world. Mr. Xu Yuanchong has been engaged in translation for 70 years. In December 2010, he won the Lifetime Achievement Award in Translation conferred by the Translators Association of China TAC. He is honored as the only expert who translates Chinese poems into both English and French. After his excellent interpretation, many Chinese classic poems have been further refined into perfect English and French rhymes. This collection of Classical Chinese Poetry and Prose gathers his most representative English translations. It includes the classic works Thus Spoke the Master, Laws： Divine and Human and dramas such as Romance of the Western Bower, Dream in Peony Pavilion,Love in Long-life Hall and Peach Blossom Painted with Blood. The largest part of the collection includes the translation of selected poems from different dynasties. The selection includes various types of poems, lyrics and Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasty songs. The selected works start from the pre-Qin era to the Qing Dynasty, covering almost the entire history of classic poems in China. Reading these works is like tasting "living water from the source" of Chinese culture. We hope this collection will help English readers "know, love and appreciate" Chinese classic poems, share the intelligence of Confucius and Lao Tzu, share the gracefulness of Tang Dynasty poems, Song lyrics and classic operas and songs and promote exchanges between Eastern and Western culture.This book is one of the 14 books of Classical Chinese Poetry and Prose, a translation of Confucian classics Thus Spoke the Master.许渊冲--诗译英法*人 ，北京大学教授，翻译家。希望这套许氏译本能使英语读者对中国经典诗文也能知之，好之，乐之，能够分享孔子、老子的智慧，分享唐诗、宋词、中国古典戏曲的优美，并以此促进东西文化的交流。值得珍藏。许渊冲先生从事翻译工作70年，2010年12月荣获中国翻译文化终身成就奖。他被称为将中国诗词译成英法韵文的*专家，经他的妙手，许多中国经典诗文被译成出色的英文和法文韵语。这套中国经典诗文集就是由他所译，前半部分是英文，后半部分是中文。 Ancient Chinese classic poems are exquisite works of art. As far as 2,000 years ago, Chinese poets composed the beautiful work Book of Poetry and Elegies of the South, Later, they created more splendid Tang poetry and Song lyrics. Such classic works as Thus Spoke the Master and Laws： Divine and Human were extremely significant in building and shaping the culture of the Chinese nation. These works are both a cultural bond linking the thoughts and affections of Chinese people and an important bridge for Chinese culture and the world. Mr. Xu Yuanchong has been engaged in translation for 70 years. In December 2010, he won the Lifetime Achievement Award in Translation conferred by the Translators Association of China TAC. He is honored as the only expert who translates Chinese poems into both English and French. After his excellent interpretation, many Chinese classic poems have been further refined into perfect English and French rhymes. This collection of Classical Chinese Poetry and Prose gathers his most representative English translations. It includes the classic works Thus Spoke the Master, Laws： Divine and Human and dramas such as Romance of the Western Bower, Dream in Peony Pavilion, Love in Long-life Hall and Peach Blossom Painted with Blood. The largest part of the collection includes the translation of selected poems from different dynasties. The selection includes various types of poems, lyrics and Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasty songs. The selected works start from the pre-Qin era to the Qing Dynasty, covering almost the entire history of classic poems in China. Reading these works is like tasting "living water from the source" of Chinese culture. We hope this collection will help English readers "know, love and appreciate" Chinese classic poems, share the intelligence of Confucius and Lao Tzu, share the gracefulness of Tang Dynasty poems, Song lyrics and classic operas and songs and promote exchanges between Eastern and Western culture. This book is one of the 14 books of Classical Chinese Poetry and Prose, a translation of Confucian classics Thus Spoke the Master.
目錄：
Contents目 录Preface序ACT I第一本Scene 1 Prelude第一出 标目Scene 2 Liu Dreamer of Mume Flower第二出 言怀Scene 3 Parental Admonition第三出 训女Scene 4 A Scholars Complaint第四出 腐叹Scene 5 The Tutor Selected第五出 延师ACT II第二本Scene 1 A Gloomy Outlook第一出 怅眺Scene 2 Private Lesson第二出 闺塾Scene 3 The Garden第三出 肃苑Scene 4 An Enchanting Dream第四出 惊梦ACT III第三本Scene 1 Mothers Admonition第一出 慈戒Scene 2 The Dream Retraced第二出 寻梦Scene 3 Departure第三出 诀谒Scene 4 The Portrait第四出 写真ACT IV第四本Scene 1 An Inquiry第一出 诘病Scene 2 The Diagnosis第二出 诊祟Scene 3 Untimely Death第三出 闹殇Scene 4 The Infernal Judge第四出 冥判ACT V第五本Scene 1 The Portrait Discovered第一出 拾画Scene 2 The Portrait Admired第二出 玩真Scene 3 The Roving Soul第三出 魂游Scene 4 The Tryst第四出 幽媾Scene 5 The Next Tryst第五出 欢挠
內容試閱：
PrefaceThere were four classics of poetic drama in Chinese history, that is, Romance of the Western Bower, Dream in Peony Pavilion, Love in the Long-life Hall and Peach Blossom Painted with Blood. The subject of the Romance is the conflict between love and honor of a feudal family, and that of the Dream is the life and death of a lover. In the former, love triumphs over honor, and in the latter it further triumphs over death. In the mean time, we have Shakespeares tragedies in rivalry with Chinese classics in the Western countries, though they are two hundred years later than the Romance but earlier than Long-life Hall and Peach Blossom. In the Romance, the lovers are separated by the mothers idea of honor and re-united by the heros success in the civil service examinations, while in Shakespeares tragedy, Romeo and Juliet are separated by enmity between their parents but re-united by death. The happy ending of the Romance shows the progress of Chinese civilization while the tragic end of Romeo and Juliet hints at the conquest of enmity by reason which foretells the triumph of realistic and scientific spirit. Here we can see the different development of Oriental and Occidental civilisation.The author of the Dream in Peony Pavilion was a contemporary of Shakespeare and the Peony Pavilion is his representative work while Shakespeares is Hamlet. Can their representative works be compared? Hamlet begins with the revival of the dead king who tells his son how he was poisoned by his brother who usurped his throne and married his wife. The son is not sure of the truth of what the dead king said, so we have the well-known monologue in Act III：To be or not to be that is the question：Whether tis nobler in the mind to sufferThe slings and arrows of outrageous fortuneOr to take arms against a sea of troubles,And by opposing end them,Here to be may mean to take arms and not to be, to suffer; the outrageous fortune may refer to the murder of his father, his uncles usurpation of the throne and his mothers re-marriage. He hesitates about what to do： whether he should suffer for the love of his mother or rise to revenge the death of his father. Here we see the conflict in his mind or contradiction in his inner world. Besides, there is conflict in the outer world. For instance, we see the contradiction between uncle and nephew in the following dialogue：Uncle： But now, my cousin Hamlet, and my son Nephew： A little more than kin and less than kind!Uncle： How is it that the Clouds still hang on you?Nephew： Not so, my lord. I am too much in the sun...序中国历史上有四大古典诗剧：元代的《西厢记》，明代的《牡丹亭》，清代的《长生殿》和《桃花扇》。《西厢记》写爱情和封建思想的矛盾，《牡丹亭》更进一步，写爱情的生死斗争。如果说《西厢记》中爱情战胜了父母之命的封建思想，那么，《牡丹亭》中杜丽娘还魂，起死回生，可以说是爱情战胜了死亡。和这四大诗剧差不多同时，西方有莎士比亚的历史悲剧可以和中国的古典诗剧先后媲美。一般说来，《西厢记》写张生和莺莺的爱情，舞台本到第四折的草桥惊梦为止，以情人的生离作结。莎剧《罗蜜欧与朱丽叶》比《西厢记》约晚一二百年，写罗朱的青春恋和家族的矛盾，以情人的死别作结。生离死别，都是人生悲剧。但《西厢记》五折本以张生和莺莺的婚配结束，说明古代中国人对大团圆的爱好；莎剧却写情人的死亡化解了家族的矛盾，显示了以理化情的趋势，从中可以看出中西文化发展的不同。《牡丹亭》的作者汤显祖和莎士比亚是同代人，《牡丹亭》是他的代表作。而莎士比亚的代表作是《哈姆雷特》，两个剧本是否可以比较呢？这点下面再谈。《长生殿》写唐玄宗和杨贵妃的爱情影响了唐代的兴衰，而莎剧《安东尼和克莉奥佩特拉》写不爱江山爱美人的罗马大将和埃及女王的恋情与斗争，都是用历史来说明玉颜自古关兴废的哲学思想。最后，《桃花扇》通过一个文人的感情生活和政治斗争来反映明朝灭亡的历史现实，在莎剧中似乎没有可比较的，只有《李尔王》中的国王因为轻信甜言蜜语而失去了江山，也许可以和明朝的末代皇帝相提并论罢。现在再看《牡丹亭》和《哈姆雷特》，是不是有可以比较的呢？莎剧以父王显灵开始，引起了王子的疑心，于是用假戏演真事，求得了真与假的统一，思想上也引起了生和死、爱和恨的斗争：是为父王复仇呢？还是为了母爱而忍气吞声呢？总的看来，悲剧中隐含着西方戏剧中光荣与爱情的斗争，也就是情与理的矛盾。而《牡丹亭》呢，剧中死去的不是父王，而是活着的杜丽娘；剧中也有生和死的冲突，但不是为死者复仇，而是向生者求爱，为爱情而死的问题。莎剧中也有爱情的插曲，如哈姆雷特对奥菲莉娅的爱情，但爱情和理性有矛盾，结果是理性战胜了爱情。《牡丹亭》却相反，是爱情战胜了理性，使梦想变成了现实，甚至把以理释情的《诗经关雎》也恢复了情爱的本来面目。莎剧中最著名的一段是哈姆雷特的独白，下面是卞之琳的译文：活下去还是不活，这是问题。要做到高贵，究竟该忍气吞声来容受狂暴的命运矢石交攻呢，还是该挺身反抗无边的苦恼，扫他个干净？活下去应该是为了复仇，不活自然是无可奈何了。要做到高贵不可能是忍气吞声，狂暴的命运是指叔父弑君夺位，母后受骗再嫁。如果叔父是矢，那母后就是石，两人就是矢石交攻了。至于挺身反抗自然是指为父报仇。无边的苦恼是指阴谋和欺骗。如要高贵，自然要揭发阴谋和欺骗，然后打扫干净。但是揭发要有证据，父王显灵不足为凭。复仇是情感问题，证据是理智问题，这就产生了情和理的矛盾斗争。《牡丹亭》中的情理矛盾，体现在女主角杜丽娘身上，却出现在她的老师陈最良的唱词和她的丫鬟春香的说白之中。如陈最良在第二本第二出《闺塾》的《掉角儿》中唱道：论六经，《诗经》最葩，闺门内许多风雅：有指证，姜产哇；不嫉妒，后妃贤达有风有化，宜室宜家《诗》三百，一言以蔽之，没多些，只无邪两字，付与儿家。。。。
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