前言 Foreword ...... 001
凡例 Explanatory Notes ...... 001
甲骨片名 Title 出處*（Source）
1 《月一正》 Gānzhī Cycle 24440 ...... 001
2 《受黍年》 The Millet Harvest 09950 ...... 006
3 《十五犬》 Fifteen Dogs 29537 ...... 014
4 《今一月雨》 Rain in the First Month 12487 ...... 018
5 《自東來雨》 Rain from the East 12870 ...... 024
6 《旦至食日》 From Daybreak to Morning T624 ...... 027
7 《三嗇雲》 Tricolored Clouds 13399 ...... 031
8 《有大雨》 Heavy Rain 30048 ...... 035
9 《遘大風》 Encounter Gusty Wind 30238 ...... 038
10 《大驟風》 Strong Gale 00137 ...... 041
11 《出虹》 Rainbow Appears 10406 ...... 045
12 《辛大啟》 Xīn Day Brightened Up 30190 ...... 049
13 《晹日》 Changing Date 13271 ...... 053
14 《東方曰析》 East is Called Xī 14294 ...... 056
15 《禘于北方》 Performing D- Ritual to Northern Fāng 14295 ...... 061
16 《燎于東母》 Burnt Offering to the East Mother 14340 ...... 066
17 《新大星》 New Big Star 11503 ...... 070
18 《鳥星》 Bird Star 11497 ...... 074
19 《日月有食》 Eclipse of Sun and Moon 33694 ...... 079
20 《旬亡禍》 Xn No Disaster 11482 ...... 084
21 《月有食》 Moon was Eclipsed 11485 ...... 088
22 《夕風》 Night Wind 13338 ...... 091
23 《立中無風》 Flag Shows No Wind 07369 ...... 096
24 《寧風》 Pacifying Wind 34138 ...... 099
25 《壱 品》 Wine Libation and Bundle Ceremony 32384 ...... 102
26 《十示率 》 Ten Sh with Rams 32385 ...... 106
27 《自上甲至于多毓》 From Shng Ji. to Duō Hu 37836 ...... 110
28 《十示又三》 Ten and Three Sh 34117 ...... 115
29 《甲戌翌上甲》 Y-Ritual for Shng Ji. on ji.xū 35406 ...... 118
30 《大乙奭妣丙》 King D Y. with Queen B. B.ng 36194 ...... 121
31 《又歲于兄己》 Ceremonial Yu Su for Brother J. 27615 ...... 124
32 《王亥上甲即于河》 Arrived at Temple of H 34294 ...... 127
33 《燎于河王亥上甲》 Lio for H, Wng Hi, and Shng Ji. 01182 ...... 130
34 《侑于唐》 Yu-Ritual for Tng 01273 ...... 133
35 《燎于夒》 Lio-Ritual for No 14369 ...... 136
36 《高祖夒》 High Ancestor No 30398 ...... 140
37 《燎于蔑》 Lio-Ritual for Mi 14804 ...... 143
38 《侑于王恒》 Yu-Ritual for Wng Hng 14762 ...... 145
39 《燎土豕》 Lio-Ritual for T. with Pig 34185 ...... 147
40 《侑于黄尹》 Yu-Ritual for Hung Y.n 00563 ...... 150
41 《侑于伊尹》 Yu-Ritual for Yī Y.n 34192 ...... 153
42 《射 以羌》 Sh Tng Takes Qiāng 32023 ...... 156
43 《沉三羊》 Sinking Three Sheep 05522 ...... 161
44 《武乙宗祊》 Bēng at W. Y. Temple 36076 ...... 164
45 《侑父丁》 Yu Father Dīng 32054 ...... 167
46 《翌日劦日燧日》 Three R Rituals 32714 ...... 170
47 《自上甲縁》 J. from King Shng Ji. 32212 ...... 173
48 《侑出日侑入日》 Yu-Ritual for Sun ZX543 ...... 178
49 《于妣庚禦婦好》 Exorcise Lady Hǎo Against Bǐ Gēng 02617 ...... 182
50 《箙旋禦》 Exorcise F Xun 00301 ...... 185
51 《瀦羌》 Sh Qiāng 00466 ...... 188
52 《高祖王亥》 High Ancestor Wng Hi 32083 ...... 191
53 《祭 》 J Ci Xi Rituals 41704 ...... 195
54 《工典其幼》 Ceremonial Codex Presentation 35756 ...... 201
55 《侵我西鄙田》 Raid My West Border Field 06057 ...... 206
56 《王比望乘伐下危》 King Forms Alliance with Wng Chng 00032 ...... 214
57 《下上弗若》 Earth and Heaven Not Agreeable 06316 ...... 221
58 《王征盂方伯炎》 Expedition Against Marquis Yn of Yfāng 36509 ...... 224
59 《在齊次》 Stationed at Q 36493 ...... 228
60 《王來征人方》 The King Came to Attack Rnfāng 36484 ...... 231
61 《王往伐》 The King Went to Attack Gōngfāng 06209 ...... 235
62 《呼視方》 Reconnaissance about Gōngfāng 06167 ...... 240
63 《共人五千》 Supply Five Thousand Men 06409 ...... 244
64 《沚 稱册》 Zh. Gu Presented Codex 06401 ...... 247
65 《王循伐土方》 Shock and Awe Against Tǔfāng 06399 ...... 251
66 《王作三師右中左》 The King Established Three Divisions 33006 ...... 254
67 《令王族追召方》 Command Royal Clan to Chase Zhofāng 33017 ...... 257
68 《三族》 Three Clans 32815 ...... 261
69 《今夕師無震》 No Commotion This Evening 34720 ...... 264
70 《雉王眾》 Display Royal Troop 26879 ...... 267
71 《在澅犬中告麋》 Officer Zhōng Reported Elk 27902 ...... 272
72 《田于雞》 Hunting at Jī 37471 ...... 276
73 《之日狩》 A Day of Hunting 10198 ...... 279
74 《往來亡災》 Safe Hunting Trip 37379 ...... 284
75 《獲象》 Elephant Captured 10222 ...... 288
76 《獲鹿六》 Six Deer Captured 37408 ...... 291
77 《逐兕》 Chased Rhinoceros 10398 ...... 295
78 《擒七兕》 Seven Rhinos Captured 33374 ...... 298
79 《子央亦墜》 Zǐ Yāng Fell 10405 ...... 301
80 《王往狩》 King Went Hunting 10939 ...... 307
81 《獲杓八》 Eight Peacock Captured 09572 ...... 311
82 《遘大雨》 Encountered Heavy Rain 37646 ...... 314
83 《獲大嵐虎》 Big Tiger Captured 37848 ...... 317
84 《省牛于敦》 Inspecting Cattle at Dūn 11171 ...... 321
85 《往延魚》 Continuing Fishing 12921 ...... 326
86 《獲魚三萬》 Thirty Thousands Fish Captured 10471 ...... 330
87 《逐岼麋》 Chase Deer of Shuǐ 28789 ...... 332
88 《東土受年》 East Land Received Harvest 36975 ...... 335
89 《我受黍年》 We Received Millet Harvest 10094 ...... 339
90 《岳河夒》 Yu H No 10076 ...... 342
91 《寧秋于.》 Calming Locust at Deity Sǔn 32028 ...... 344
92 《弗其足年》 Not Having Abundant Harvest 10139 ...... 348
93 《王令多尹繽田》 King Orders Opening Land 33209 ...... 352
94 《 田》 Plowing Jointly 00001 ...... 356
95 《省黍》 Crop Inspection 09612 ...... 359
96 《求生于妣庚妣丙》 Pray for Childbearing 34081 ...... 362
97 《婦好娩》 F Hǎo Gave Birth 14002 ...... 365
98 《疾齒》 Toothache 13648 ...... 369
99 《疾鼻》 Nose Pain 11506 ...... 372
100 《方其蕩于東》 Fāng Swayed from the East 20619 ...... 375
101 《王 》 Kings Inspectional Campaign 36537 ...... 378
102 《王作邑》 King Established Settlement 14200 ...... 383
103 《帝咎兹邑》 D Damaged This Settlement 14211 ...... 386
104 《帝終兹邑》 D Terminated This Settlement 14210 ...... 389
105 《益寺衷》 Adding L Q. 05458 ...... 393
106 《旨載王事》 Zhǐ Managed Royal Affairs 05478 ...... 396
107 《西使旨》 West Minister Zhǐ 05637 ...... 399
108 《璞周》 Mining the Ore 06812 ...... 403
109 《王省》 Royal Inspection 36361 ...... 407
110 《王其省喪田》 Inspect the Sng Field 28971 ...... 410
111 《今日步于樂》 Today Perambulate at L 36501 ...... 414
112 《其有來聞》 Coming News 01075 ...... 418
113 《惟美奏》 Music Performance 31022 ...... 422
114 《王入于商》 The King Enters the Shāng 07780 ...... 426
115 《祊西饗》 Banquet at West Temple-Gate 23340 ...... 431
116 《唯丁自征卲》 The Dīng Personally Attack Sho H3 449 ...... 435
117 《歲祖甲》 Su Ancestor Zǔ Jiǎ H3 007 ...... 438
118 《其宜羊》 Sheep for the Y-Ritual H3 421 ...... 441
119 《王其逐》 The King Chased H11：113 ...... 444
120 《寧鳳于四方》 To Calm Wind at Four Corners* ...... 446
附録 一 字彙表 Appendix 1 Vocabulary List ...... 449
附録二 參考書目 Appendix 2 References and Bibliography ...... 468
附録三 干支次序表、干支表 Appendix 3 Gānzhī Table（Table of Sixty Day Cycle） ...... 470
附録四 卜辭所見商王世系與文獻
所見商王世系 Appendix 4 Shāng King List ...... 471
附録五 周祭表 Appendix 5 Five-Ritual Cycle ...... 473
附録六 甲骨文簡介 Appendix 6 Brief Introduction to Oracle Bone Inscriptions ...... 474
附録七 世界四種起源文字簡介 Appendix 7 Brief Introduction to Four Original Writings ...... 480
內容試閱：
前 言
殷墟甲骨文发现于 1899 年，至今已有一个多世纪。它的发现证实了商代的存在，使商代的历史变得更加真切和清晰。据目前所得考古资料，甲骨文是中国汉字的最早源头。甲骨文与两河流域的苏美尔楔形文字（Sumerian Cuneiform System），尼罗河流域的埃及圣书体文字（Egyptian Hieroglyphic System）及中美洲的奥梅克玛雅文字（Olmec-Maya Hieroglyphic System）并列爲人类史上出现过的四个独立起源文字系统。这四种独立起源文字（或称自源文字），都是形、音、义并存的形符文字（或称表意文字）（logographic writing）。苏美尔与埃及文字是拼音文字之先河，汉字则是东亚文明的奠基石。除了汉字外，其他三种古文字早已成爲死文字。汉字是当今唯一存世的起源文字。
在人类历史上，汉字是使用者人数最多的文字，也是世界上唯一迈进 21 世纪电脑时代的形符文字。从商代甲骨文算起，汉字已经被连续使用 3500 年之久，是人类历史上使用时间最长的文字。然而相对於其他的起源文字，国内外一般读者对甲骨文了解不多，特别是西方世界的认知远不及对埃及文、苏美尔文或玛雅文字来得普及。笔者在欧美书店可见到许多介绍埃及、苏美尔、玛雅文字的书籍，但是有关甲骨文的英文或其他外文着作，特别是普及性的书籍寥寥无几；即使是专门研究的英语书籍也屈指可数，例如吉德炜（David N. Keightley） 的 Sources of Shang History（1978，1985）、The Ancestral Landscape （2000）、Working for His Majesty（2012） 及 高 嶋 谦 一（Ken-ichi Takashima） 的 Studies of Fascicle Three of Inscriptions from the Yin Ruins（2010）。鉴於汉字在人类历史上的特殊地位及在国际范围推广汉字认知教学的重要，甲骨文认读的这一块空白在国内外都有待填补。
笔者在台湾大学时曾从金祥恒师习甲骨文，在耶鲁读研究所时，有幸得从张光直、饶宗颐两位先生请益切磋古史。最近数年承涂经诒教授相邀得以在新泽西州立罗格斯大学东亚系开课以英语教授甲骨文及汉字起源。除了识读甲骨文外，也涉及四种独立起源文字的比较。由於缺乏认读甲骨文字的合适英语课本，所以采用自己编的手写教材，教学方式采取当年金先生的方法：读片子。本书即基於这些教材编写而成。此书可作爲以英语教授甲骨文字的课本，也适於自学甲骨文之用。希望更多国内外人士藉由对甲骨文字的认知而对中国上古文明産生兴趣。
本书编写过程中，笔者的学生安马修（Matthew Anderson）将卜辞以甲骨文字体在电脑显示，并整理字汇表，及英文的转録、翻译。郅晓娜博士负责甲骨片的摹写。本书的编写，承吉林大学林澐教授屡次拨冗解疑。罗格斯大学詹富国（Dietrich Tschanz）教授閲读英文稿。中国社会科学院历史所先秦史研究室宋镇豪教授提供宝贵意见，刘源博士仔细审閲全部中文稿，并全程参与编纂工作。在此表示衷心谢意。书中错误，在所难免，希望读者不吝指教。最後要感谢内人刘贻章教授的支持与鼓励。
陈光宇
Foreword
The discovery of inscribed oracle bones and shells in 1899 and subsequent identification of Yīnxū, the ruins of the last Shāng Capital located near ānyng, Hnn, proved to be a watershed for Early China studies, as these inscriptions represent the most archaic form of Chinese writing （more precisely hnz 汉字）and the earliest documentary source in China. Almost all of these documents belong to the royal house of late Shāng Dynasty（~1300 to 1100 bce）.These documents survived for so long because they were engraved on animal bones（mostly bovine scapula）and turtle shells（plastron or carapace）, hence the name oracle bone inscriptions（OBI）or, in Chinese, jiǎgǔwn（甲骨文）, literally shell bone writing. The inscriptions engraved on undreds of thousands of bones and shells provide the most precious source for studying early Chinese history. It was based on OBI that Wng Guwi（王国维）, one of the most eminent Chinese scholars of the early 20th century, was able to identify names of Shāng kings and ascertain the historicity of the figures previously thought to be legendary. By doing so, Wng confirmed the authenticity of the Shāng history as written by Sīmǎ Qiān（14586 bce）in the Shǐj（《史记》 , The Records of Grand Historian）.
Oracle bone inscription（OBI）, the earliest from of Chinese, together with Egyptian, Mayan, and Sumerian constitute the four writing systems independently invented in human history. All four primary writings are logographic in nature. Among them, only Chinese writing system survives and remains logographic. The study of OBI not only plays a pivotal role in connecting the archeological data to the transmitted textual tradition in China, it is also of great import to the comparative study of origin of writing systems and civilizations. Despite this, OBI has not garnered the attention and popularity in the western world that Egyptian hieroglyphs, Sumerian cuneiform, and Mayan glyph have long enjoyed. In fact, there are only a very few scholarly books in English that focus on OBI（e.g. Sources of Shāng History, 1978, 1985; The Ancestral Landscape, 2000; Working for His Majesty, 2012; written by David Keightley, University of California, Berkeley, and Studies of Fascicle Three of Inscriptions from the Yin Ruins, 2010, by Ken-ichi Takashima, University of British Columbia）and there are virtually no books for the general public in the West to learn about OBI. This can be contrasted with the tens or even hundreds of books on Mayan and Egyptian hieroglyphs and civilizations found on online book selling sites such as Amazon.com.
The author has had the fortune to learn OBI in college and in graduate school from several leading Shāng scholars, including the late Professors Jīn Xinghng（金祥恒 , National Taiwan University）, Chang Kwang-chi（张 光 直 , Zhāng Guāngzh, Yale University）and Professor JaoTsung-I（饶宗颐 , Ro Zōngy, Yale University）. The author has offered a course on OBI （Chinese 165：424, Origin and Development of Chinese Writing）in the Department of Asian Languages and Cultures at Rutgers University, New Jersey for many years. The course material forms the basis of this book. The main body of this book is a collection of 120 pieces of rubbings （tběn 拓本）, mainly from the corpus of Jiǎgǔwn Hj（《甲骨文合集》）, that contain inscriptions covering a wide array of topics including weather, astronomy, kingship, sacrificial ceremonies, rituals, agriculture, hunting, military campaigns and politics. Each rubbing is accompanied by a clear tracing（mběn 摹本）, which will be helpful in case the graphs on rubbing are not clearly legible. The direct graph-to-graph transcription, both in digital OBI font and in archaic Chinese script（or ldng 隶定） , will help the reader to become familiar with the sequence and direction of reading OBI on the rubbings. Transliteration from OBI graph to English is also provided; so that, by comparing this transliteration with the English translation the reader can appreciate the grammar and sentence structure of archaic Chinese. Finally, translation and annotations are provided in Chinese and in English.
The book is intended to benefit both scholars and lay public who are interested in East Asian civilizations in general and Early China in particular. Readers can use this book to get acquainted with the writing of OBI graphs, just like students learn Mayan or Egyptian hieroglyphs from reading original scripts. In light of the lack of books in English for the study of OBI, it is hoped that this book will fill the need for an accessible introduction to the subject.
During the preparation of this book, I have greatly benefited by discussions with Professors Ln Yn, Jln University, and Sng Zhnho, Institute of History, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. I am grateful to Dr. Li Yun, who has read the Chinese portion of the manuscript, and to Professor Dietrich Tschanz, Rutgers University, who has read and commented on the English part of the manuscript. Both Sng Zhnho and Li Yun have participated the project from its inception. Dr. Matthew Anderson, a student in my 2006 OBI class, helped with the transcription （OBI font, Chinese and English）and did most of the English translation of the inscriptions. Dr. Zh Xiǎon, a student of Professor Sng, did the tracing work. Without their help, the book could not have been accomplished. It goes without saying that I am solely responsible for any remaining mistakes, big or small. Finally I wish to thank my wife, Alice Liu, for her continuous support and understanding.
Kuang Yu Chen
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