ContentsChapter 1 Introduction0011.1 Research Background0011.1.1 Public Campaigns on C-E Translation of Public Signs0011.1.2 Academic Research on C-E Translation of Public Signs0071.2 Research Questions, Purpose and Significance0171.3 Research Methodology0191.4 Research Organization019Chapter 2 Text Analysis of Public Signs0212.1 Definition of Public Signs0212.2 Classification of Public Signs0242.2.1 Classification of Public Signs on Basis of Information States0252.2.2 Classification of Public Signs on Basis of Application Range0272.3 Features of Public Signs0322.3.1 Lexical Features of Public Signs0332.3.2 Syntactic Features of Public Signs0372.3.3 Textual Features of Public Signs0392.4 Functions of Public Signs0422.4.1 Directing0442.4.2 Prompting0452.4.3 Warning0462.4.4 Informing0472.4.5 Persuading0482.4.6 Propagating0492.5 Text Types of Public Signs0502.6 Different Translation Strategies for Translation of Public Signs and Translation of Other Text Types053Chapter 3 C-E Mistranslation of Public Signs0573.1 Manifestation of C-E Mistranslation of Public Signs0583.1.1 From Linguistic Perspective0583.1.2 From Pragmatic Perspective0593.1.3 From Cultural Perspective0613.2 Causes of Its Problems0623.2.1 Lack of Awareness or Knowledge of the Functions and Text Types of Public Signs0633.2.2 Lack of the Guidance of Appropriate Theories0633.2.3 Lack of Awareness or Knowledge of Cultural Differences065Chapter 4 Feasibility and Necessity of Applying Translation Variation in C-E Translation of Public Signs0664.1 Overview of Translation Variation and Translation Variation Theory0664.1.1 Overview of Translation Variation in Translation Field0664.1.2 Huang Zhonglian and His Translation Variation Theory0704.2 Feasibility of Applying Translation Variation in C-E Translation of Public Signs0814.3 Necessity of Applying Translation Variation in C-E Translation of Public Signs0844.3.1 To Eliminate the Mistranslation in Corresponding Translation of Public Signs0844.3.2 To Handle Pragmatic Conflicts0854.3.3 To Release Extra-linguistic Information0864.3.4 To Complement Cultural Default0874.3.5 To Pursue Language Aesthetic Effects0884.3.6 To Simplify the Target Text089Chapter 5 Methods of Applying Translation Variation in C-E Translation of Public Signs0915.1 Omission0925.1.1 Selected Translation0935.1.2 Edited Translation0945.1.3 Narrated Translation0975.1.4 Condensed Translation0995.2 Amplification1025.2.1 Translation plus Comment1025.2.2 Translation plus Explanation1045.2.3 Translation plus Writing1065.3 Adaptation1085.4 Imitation1105.5 Creative Translation112Chapter 6 Conclusion116Acknowledgements120Appendix122Part 1 Traffic or Road Signs122Part 2 Signs in Public Places127Part 3 Tourist Signs131Part 4 Commercial Signs135Part 5 Signs on Environmental Protection139Bibliography144
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Preface
Translation of public signs plays an important role in Sino-foreign cultural exchange and economic cooperation. But at present the quality of Chinese-English translation hereafter abbreviated to C-E translation of public signs in China is still far from satisfaction. Linguistic errors, pragmatic failure and cultural mistranslation are common problems in current C-E translation of public signs.
Text types are closely related to language functions. Language functions can decide text types. According to text typology, public signs are classified into informative and vocative texts which perform such functions as directing, reminding, warning, informing, persuading and propagating. Peter Newmark put forward communicative translation strategy to translate informative and vocative texts. The communicative translation lays emphasis on the readability of the target text and the reception of the target readers, the fluency, idiomaticness, brevity and comprehensibility of the target language. It stresses that the target text should be able to produce functionally the same effect on the target readers as the original on the readers. Translation variation theory, put forward by professor Huang Zhonglian, is a suitable and feasible theory to guide the C-E translation of public signs, which aims at representing contents and messages of the original by using appropriate adaptations such as addition, deletion, edition, narration, condensation, combination and rewriting to meet the specific needs of the specific readers under specific circumstances.
Based on the translation variation theory, this book analyses the feasibility and necessity of applying translation variation in C-E translation of public signs and explores the application of some translation variation methods in translating public signs so that the functions and skopos of C-E translation of public signs can be realized.
This book is composed of six parts. Chapter 1 briefs the background, purpose and significance, methodology of this study as well as the structure of the book. Chapter 2 is a text analysis of public signs, which presents definition, classification, characteristics, functions, and text types of public signs. It also makes a comparison of translation strategies for translation of public signs and those for translation of other text types. Chapter 3 mainly analyses the mistranslation in C-E translation of public signs and its cause. Chapter 4 and Chapter 5 are the key parts of this book. Chapter 4 first gives a brief overview and comment on translation variation and translation variation theory and then discusses the feasibility and necessity of applying translation variation in C-E translation of public signs. Chapter 5 explores the methods of applying translation variation to translate public signs, such as amplification, omission, adaptation, imitation and creation, so that the information and intention of the original can be conveyed exactly to the target readers. The final part comes to the conclusion in which findings, limitations and suggestions for further research are presented.
It is hoped that this book will provide some useful guidance for the readers to better understand the functions and text types of public signs and learn how to apply translation variation in their own translation practice and thus make a valuable contribution to the standardization of C-E translation of public signs.
Due to festinate time, limited knowledge and experience of the author, some mistakes and errors in this book are unavoidable. Feedbacks, comments and suggestions from all readers of this book are warmly welcome so that corrections can be made.
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