Part I Knowledge Points（第一部分 知识点）
Text 1 Introduction to Information Technology2
1.1 Computer Literacy2
1.2 Information System2
1.3 Information Technology2
1.4 Information and Communications Technology3
1.5 What is a Computer3
1.6 Components of a Computer3
1.6.1 Hardware4
1.6.2 Software6
1.7 Categories of Computers7
1.7.1 Supercomputers7
1.7.2 Mainframe Computers7
1.7.3 Midrange Computers8
1.7.4 Minicomputers8
1.7.5 Personal Computers8
Text 2 System Unit11
2.1 Central Processing Unit CPU12
2.1.1 Control Unit12
2.1.2 Arithmetic and Logic Unit12
2.1.3 Registers12
2.1.4 Characteristics of CPU13
2.2 Memory17
2.2.1 Computer Memory Cell17
2.2.2 Types of Memory18
2.2.3 RAM18
2.2.4 Cache18
2.2.5 ROM19
2.2.6 Virtual Memory20
2.3 Ports and Connectors21
2.3.1 Serial Ports21
2.3.2 Parallel Ports22
2.3.3 SCSI Ports22
2.3.4 USB Ports22
2.3.5 PC Card Slots22
Text 3 Input and Output24
3.1 Input24
3.1.1 Input Devices24
3.1.2 Keyboards24
3.1.3 Pointing Devices25
3.1.4 Voice Input28
3.1.5 Digital Cameras28
3.1.6 Video Input29
3.1.7 Scanning and Reading Devices29
3.1.8 Terminals32
3.1.9 Biometric Input33
3.2 Output33
3.2.1 Output Devices33
3.2.2 Printers35
3.2.3 Speakers and Headphones37
3.2.4 Other Output Devices37
3.2.5 Important Concepts39
Text 4 Secondary Storage40
4.1 Floppy Disks41
4.2 Hard Disks41
4.2.1 Formatting42
4.2.2 Capacity42
4.2.3 Rotational Speed43
4.2.4 Access Time43
4.2.5 Characteristics of a Hard Disk43
4.2.6 Maintaining Data Stored on a Disk44
4.2.7 Features of Floppy Disks and Hard Disks45
4.3 Flash Memory45
4.3.1 USB Flash Drives45
4.3.2 Smart Cards46
4.4 Optical Storage Technology46
4.4.1 CD Disc47
4.4.2 DVD Disc47
4.4.3 Blu-ray Disc47
4.4.4 MO48
4.5 Tapes48
4.6 RAID Storage Systems48
Text 5 Software50
5.1 Categories of Software50
5.2 System Software52
5.2.1 BIOS52
5.2.2 Operating System52
5.2.3 Utility Programs60
5.3 Programming Languages62
5.3.1 Machine language63
5.3.2 Assembly language63
5.3.3 Procedural language63
5.3.4 Non-procedural language64
5.3.5 Object-oriented programming OOP language64
5.3.6 Visual programming language64
5.3.7 Execution of programming languages64
Text 6 Introduction to Word Processing66
6.1 Getting Started with Word66
6.1.1 Select Text66
6.1.2 Find and Replace67
6.1.3 Page Setup & Print Preview68
6.2 Formatting69
6.2.1 Themes, Template, Style and Format Painter69
6.2.2 Character Formatting70
6.2.3 Paragraph Formatting70
6.2.4 Page Formatting75
6.3 Graphics, Tables, Textbox and Other Objects81
6.3.1 Pictures and Graphics81
6.3.2Shape82
6.3.3SmartArt82
6.3.4Symbol83
6.3.5Table83
6.3.6Text Box84
6.3.7WordArt84
6.3.8Equations85
Text 7 Introduction to PowerPoint Presentation87
7.1 Getting Started with PowerPoint87
7.1.1 PowerPoint Views87
7.1.2 Start a New Presentation90
7.1.3 Add Slides91
7.1.4 Change Slide Order92
7.1.5 Apply or Change the Slide Layout92
7.1.6 Present a Slide Show92
7.1.7 Print Slides or Handouts93
7.1.8 Tips for Creating an Effective Presentation95
7.2 Formatting a Presentation95
7.2.1 Apply a Design Template95
7.2.2 Working with Themes95
7.2.3 Header and Footer96
7.3 Animating Your Slides97
7.3.1 Add Slide Transition Effects97
7.3.2 Animate Objects97
7.3.3 Hyperlink98
7.3.4 Action Button98
7.3.5 Insert a Sound andor Video Clip on a Slide100
Text 8 Introduction to Spreadsheets102
8.1 Introduction to Excel102
8.1.1 Definition of a Spreadsheets102
8.1.2 Contents of Cells103
8.1.3 Specifying a Range of Cells103
8.2 Spreadsheet Formulas and Functions105
8.2.1 Some Common Functions106
8.2.2 Common Formula Patterns106
8.2.3 Copying FormulasAbsolute vs. Relative References107
8.2.4 Standard Spreadsheet Functions107
8.2.5 Useful Financial Functions110
8.3 Spreadsheet Charts111
8.3.1 Spreadsheet Chart Elements111
8.3.2 Creating Spreadsheet Charts112
Text 9 Introduction to Database116
9.1 Database116
9.2 Database Management Systems116
9.2.1 Relational Database Hierarchy117
9.2.2 Examples of a Database File118
9.2.3 Data Integrity119
9.2.4 Data Redundancy119
9.3 Introduction to Microsoft Office Access119
9.3.1 Access Data Files119
9.3.2 Field Data Types119
9.3.3 Creating a Database File120
9.3.4 Create a new table121
9.3.5 Import an Excel worksheet as a table in a new database124
9.4 Access Query Design125
9.4.1 Top Section125
9.4.2 Bottom Section126
9.5 Access Report Generator131
9.5.1 Access Reports Overview131
9.5.2 Format of an Access Report131
Text 10 Data Communications and Networks134
10.1 Data Communications134
10.1.1 Data Communications Components134
10.1.2 MODEM134
10.1.3 Communication Software135
10.1.4 Data Transfer135
10.1.5 Protocol137
10.1.6 Direction of Data Communications138
10.2 Networks139
10.2.1 Types of Computer Networks140
10.2.2 Network Topologies141
10.2.3 Network Communication Technologies142
10.2.4 Connecting Networks145
10.2.5 Network Architecture146
10.2.6 Communication Channel146
10.2.7 Data Processing151
Text 11 Introduction to WWW153
11.1 Introduction to WWW153
11.1.1 Web Browsers153
11.1.2 Uniform Resource Locator153
11.1.3 Domain Names154
11.1.4 Web Servers154
11.2 Introduction to HTML155
11.2.1 HTML155
11.2.2 Requirements155
11.2.3 Tags156
11.2.4 Basic HTML Document Structure156
11.2.5 Some HTML Tags156
11.2.6 Heading Tags157
11.2.7 Font Size and Colors157
11.2.8 Steps to Create a Web Page158
11.3 Constructing Web Pages 1List, Image, Anchor159
11.3.1 List159
11.3.2 Adding Image161
11.3.3 Anchor Tag162
11.4 Constructing Web Pages 2Table162
11.4.1 Table162
11.4.2 Table Tags162
11.4.3 Tables Incorporating an Inline Image166
Text 12 Computers and Society170
12.1 E-Business170
12.1.1 E-Business Basics170
12.1.2 E-Business Models170
12.1.3 Electronic Shopping Carts171
12.2 Electronic Data Interchange171
12.3 E-mail172
12.4 Instant Messaging172
12.5 New Technologies and Patterns172
12.5.1 Big Data172
12.5.2 Internet Plus173
12.5.3 Cloud Computing173
12.5.4 The Internet of Things174
12.5.5 Mobile Web174
12.5.6 Artificial Intelligence175
12.5.7 Business Intelligence175
12.5.8 Deep Learning176
12.5.9 Docker177
12.5.10 3D Printing177
12.6 Social Issues177
12.6.1 Computer Crime177
12.6.2 Security180
12.6.3 Privacy182
12.6.4 Computer Ethics184
Part II Reference Version（第二部分 参考译文）
课文1 信息技术简介186
1.1 计算机文化186
1.2 信息系统186
1.3 信息技术186
1.4 信息通信技术187
1.5 什么是计算机187
1.6 计算机组成187
1.6.1 硬件187
1.6.2 软件188
1.7 计算机的分类189
1.7.1 巨型机189
1.7.2 大型机189
1.7.3 中型机189
1.7.4 小型机190
1.7.5 个人计算机190
课文2 系统部件192
2.1 中央处理器192
2.1.1 控制单元192
2.1.2 算术逻辑单元193
2.1.3 寄存器193
2.1.4 CPU的特性193
2.2 内存195
2.2.1 计算机内存单元196
2.2.2 内存的分类196
2.2.3 随机存储器197
2.2.4 高速缓存197
2.2.5 只读存储器198
2.2.6 虚拟内存199
2.3 端口和连接器199
2.3.1 串行口200
2.3.2 并行口200
2.3.3 小型计算机系统接口200
2.3.4 USB接口200
2.3.5 PC卡接口201
课文3 输入输出202
3.1 输入202
3.1.1 输入设备202
3.1.2 键盘202
3.1.3 定位设备202
3.1.4 语音输入204
3.1.5 数码相机204
3.1.6 视频输入205
3.1.7 扫描和识别设备205
3.1.8 终端206
3.1.9 生物识别输入207
3.2 输出207
3.2.1 输出设备207
3.2.2 打印机209
3.2.3 扬声器和耳机210
3.2.4 其他输出设备211
3.2.5 重要概念211
课文4 辅助存储器213
4.1 软盘213
4.2 硬盘214
4.2.1 格式化214
4.2.2 硬盘容量214
4.2.3 硬盘转速214
4.2.4 访问时间215
4.2.5 硬盘的特性215
4.2.6 维护磁盘上的数据216
4.2.7 软盘和硬盘的特性216
4.3 闪存216
4.3.1 USB闪存盘217
4.3.2 智能卡217
4.4 光存储技术217
4.4.1 CD光盘217
4.4.2 DVD光盘218
4.4.3 蓝光光盘218
4.4.4 磁光盘218
4.5 磁带218
4.6 RAID存储系统219
课文5 软件220
5.1 软件的分类220
5.2 系统软件221
5.2.1 BIOS221
5.2.2 操作系统222
5.2.3 实用程序224
5.3 编程语言225
5.3.1 机器语言225
5.3.2 汇编语言226
5.3.3 过程程序设计语言226
5.3.4 非过程程序设计语言226
5.3.5 面向对象程序设计语言226
5.3.6 可视化程序设计语言226
5.3.7 程序设计语言的执行227
课文8 电子表格介绍228
8.1Excel介绍228
8.1.1 电子表格228
8.1.2 单元格的内容228
课文9 数据库介绍230
9.1 数据库230
9.2 数据库管理系统230
9.2.1 关系数据库231
9.2.2 数据库文件实例231
9.2.3 数据完整性232
9.2.4 数据冗余232
课文10 数据通信和网络233
10.1 数据通信233
10.1.1 数据通信的组成233
10.1.2 调制解调器233
10.1.3 通信软件234
10.1.4 数据传输234
10.1.5 协议234
10.1.6 数据通信的方向236
10.2 网络236
10.2.1 计算机网络的分类236
10.2.2 网络拓扑结构238
10.2.3 网络通信技术239
10.2.4 网络互连240
10.2.5 网络架构242
10.2.6 信道242
10.2.7 数据处理246
课文11 万维网简介247
11.1 万维网247
11.1.1 Web浏览器247
11.1.2 统一资源定位器247
11.1.3 域名248
11.1.4 Web服务器248
11.2 HTML简介249
11.2.1 超文本标记语言249
11.2.2 基本要求249
11.2.3 标记249
11.2.4 编制网页的步骤250
课文12 计算机和社会251
12.1 电子商务251
12.1.1 电子商务基本概念251
12.1.2 电子商务模型251
12.1.3 电子购物车252
12.2 电子数据交换252
12.3 电子邮件252
12.4 即时消息253
12.5 新技术和新模式253
12.5.1 大数据253
12.5.2 互联网 254
12.5.3 云计算254
12.5.4 物联网254
12.5.5 移动网络255
12.5.6 人工智能255
12.5.7 商务智能256
12.5.8 深度学习256
12.5.9 Docker257
12.5.10 3D打印257
12.6 社会问题258
12.6.1 网络犯罪258
12.6.2 信息安全261
12.6.3 隐私权262
12.6.4 计算机伦理264
Part III Exercises（第三部分 习题与思考）
Tutorial1 Introduction to Information Technology268
Tutorial2 System Unit269
Tutorial3 Input and Output Devices270
Tutorial4 Secondary Storage271
Tutorial5 Software272
Tutorial6 Data Communications273
Tutorial7 Networks274
Part IV Labs（第四部分 实践指导）
Warm-up Exercise1Windows Practice Exercises276
Warm-up Exercise2 Word Practice Exercises278
Warm-up Exercise3 PowerPoint Practice Exercises282
Lab 1 Introduction to SpreadsheetsExcel285
Lab 2 Orchids Shade House Case Study290
Assignment 1293
Lab 3 Creating Your Webpage 1295
Lab 4 Creating Your Webpage 2298
Assignment2304
Lab5 Creating a New Datafile305
Lab6 Access Queries309
Lab7 Access Report Generation319
Assignment 3323
Part V Revisions （第五部分 复习题）
Revision 1330
SECTION A330
SECTION B333
SECTION C334
Revision 2340
SECTION A340
SECTION B343
SECTION C344
Revision 3349
SECTION A349
SECTION B352
SECTION C353
Revision 4358
SECTION A358
SECTION B361
SECTION C362
参考文献368
內容試閱：
Input and Output Inputoutput, or IO, refers to the communication between an information processing system such as a computer, and the outside world. Inputs are the signals or data sent to the system, and outputs are the signals or data sent by the system to the outside.
3.1 Input 3.1.1Input Devices An input device is a hardware mechanism that transforms information in the external world for consumption by a computer. Often, input devices are under direct control by a human user, who uses them to communicate commands or other information to be processed by the computer, which may then transmit feedback to the user through an output device. Input and output devices together make up the hardware interface between a computer and the user or external world.
1 Input device provides：
Entry of data; Conversion into computer format. 2 Popular input devices include the keyboard, mouse, stylus, digital pen, microphone, digital camera and scanner.
3.1.2Keyboards Computer keyboardref. Figure I-3-1is the set of typewriter-like keys that enables usersto enter data into a computer. The keys on computer keyboards are often classified as follows.
Alphanumeric keysletters and numbers. Punctuation keyscomma, period, semicolon, and so on. Special keysfunction keys, control keys, arrow keys, Caps Lock key, and so on.
Figure I-3-1IBMWindows Keyboard US layout
3.1.3Pointing Devices A pointing device is an input device with which userscan control the movement of the pointer to select items on a display screen. Examples of pointing devices include mouse, trackballs, touchpad, joysticks, touch screen, and light pens, etc.
3.1.3.1 Mouse
A mouse ref. Figure I-3-2, acomputer mouse with the most common standard features： two buttons and a scroll wheel, which can also act as a third button is adevice that controls the movement of the cursor or pointer on a display screen. Physically, a mouse consists of an object held under one of the users hands, with one or more buttons. As usersmove the mouse, the pointer on the display screen moves in the same direction.
There are three basic types of mouse.
Mechanical： This is a type of computer mouse that has a rubber or metal ball on its underside that can roll in all directions. Mechanical sensors within the mouse detect the direction the ball is rolling and move the screen pointer accordingly. Optomechanical： This type is the same as the mechanical mouse except that it uses optical sensors to detect the motion of the ball. A mouse pad should be used under the mouse to run on. Optical： This type uses a laser to detect the mouses movement. Optical micehaveno mechanical moving parts. This type respondsmore quickly and precisely than mechanical and optomechanical mouse. 3.1.3.2 Trackballs
Essentially,a trackball is a mouse lying on its backref. Figure I-3-3. The userrotatesthe ball with thethumb, fingers, or the palm of thehand to move a cursor. There are usually one to three buttons next to the ball, which usersuse just like mouse buttons. The advantage of trackballs over mouseis that the trackball is stationary so it does not require much space to use it. In addition, youcan place a trackball on any type of surface, including yourlap. For both these reasons, trackballs are popular pointing devices for portable computers.
Figure I-3-2Computer Mouse Figure I-3-3The Kensington Expert Mouse Trackball
3.1.3.3Touchpads
A touchpad also trackpad is asmall, touch-sensitive padref. Figure I-3-4used as a pointing device on some portable computers. By moving a finger or other objectsalong the pad, the usercan move the pointer on the display screen. Touchpadsare a common feature of laptop computers and also used as a substitute for a computer mouse where desk space is scarce. They can also be found on personal digital assistants PDAs and some portable media players, such as the iPod using the click wheelref. Figure I-3-5.
Figure I-3-4Touchpad and a Pointing Stick on an IBM LaptopFigure I-3-5iPod Classic
3.1.3.4Joysticksand Wheels
A joystickref. Figure I-3-6is an input device consisting of a handheld stick that pivots on a base and reports its angle or direction to the device it is controlling. Joysticks are often used to control video games, and usually have one or more push-buttons whose state can also be read by the computer.
Figure I-3-6Joystick and Wheel
A wheel also steering wheel, ref. Figure I-3-6 is a circular device capable of rotating on its axis, facilitating movement or transportation or performing labor in machines.
Joysticks and wheelsare used mostly for computer games, but they are also used occasionally for CADCAM systems and other applications.
3.1.3.5Touch Screens
A touch screen is a type of display screen that has a touch-sensitive transparent panel covering the screen. Instead of using a pointing device such as a mouse or light pen, userscan use thefinger or hand to point directly to objects on the screen.
3.1.3.6Light Pens
A light pen is an input device that utilizes a light-sensitive detector to select objects on a display screen. A light pen is similar to a mouse, except that with a light pen the usercan move the pointer and select objects on the display screen by directly pointing to the objects with the pen.
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