紧跟人机交互变革的脚步很困难。本书每一版刚出版不久,更新的要求就接踵而至。该领域的扩展促使本书前三版的作者Ben Shneiderman求助于其长期、重要的研究伙伴Catherine Plaisant,以合著本书的第四版和第五版。此外,Maxine S. Cohen和Steven M. Jacobs对本书的早期版本有长期的教学经验,他们为所有读者和教师提供了提高书的内容质量的新观点。
Ben Shneiderman,美国知名专家,长期从事用户界面设计的教学与研究工作,发表论文多篇,出版图书多部,在界面设计领域成果丰硕。
Ben Shneiderman,美国知名专家,长期从事用户界面设计的教学与研究工作,发表论文多篇,出版图书多部,在界面设计领域成果丰硕。
目錄:
PART 1 INTRODUCTION 2
CHAPTER 1 Usability of Interactive Systems 4
1.1 Introduction 6
1.2 Usability Goals and Measures 13
1.3 Usability Motivations 15
1.4 Goals for Our Profession 20
CHAPTER 2 Universal Usability 34
2.1 Introduction 36
2.2 Variations in Physical Abilities and Physical Workplaces 37
2.3 Diverse Cognitive and Perceptual Abilities 39
2.4 Personality Differences 40
2.5 Cultural and International Diversity 41
2.6 Users with Disabilities 44
2.7 Older Adult Users 47
2.8 Children 49
2.9 Accommodating Hardware and Software Diversity 52
CHAPTER 3 Guidelines, Principles, and Theories 56
3.1 Introduction 58
3.2 Guidelines 58
3.3 Principles 64
3.4 Theories 80
PART 2 Design PROCESSES 96
CHAPTER 4 Design 98
4.1 Introduction 100
4.2 Organizational Support for Design 102
4.3 The Design Process 105
4.4 Design Frameworks 111
4.5 Design Methods 115
4.6 Design Tools, Practices, and Patterns 123
4.7 Social Impact Analysis 129
4.8 Legal Issues 131
CHAPTER 5 Evaluation and the User Experience 138
5.1 Introduction 140
5.2 Expert Reviews and Heuristics 143
5.3 Usability Testing and Laboratories 147
5.4 Survey Instruments 159
5.5 Acceptance Tests 164
5.6 Evaluation during Active Use and Beyond 165
5.7 Controlled Psychologically Oriented Experiments 171
CHAPTER 6 Design Case Studies 180
6.1 Introduction 182
6.2 Case Study 1: Iterative Design Evaluation of Automated Teller Machines ATMs 183
6.3 Case Study 2: Design Consistency at Apple Computer 186
6.4 Case Study 3: Data-Driven Design at Volvo 188
6.5 General Observations and Summary 191
PART 3 INTERACTION STYLES 194
CHAPTER 7 Direct Manipulation and Immersive Environments 196
7.1 Introduction 198
7.2 What Is Direct Manipulation? 199
7.3 Some Examples of Direct Manipulation 206
7.4 2-D and 3-D Interfaces 216
7.5 Teleoperation and Presence 219
7.6 Augmented and Virtual Reality 224
CHAPTER 8 Fluid Navigation 238
8.1 Introduction 240
8.2 Navigation by Selection 242
8.3 Small Displays 255
8.4 Content Organization 258
8.5 Audio Menus 263
8.6 Form Fill-in and Dialog Boxes 264
CHAPTER 9 Expressive Human and Command Languages 276
9.1 Introduction 278
9.2 Speech Recognition 279
9.3 Speech Production 290
9.4 Human Language Technology 291
9.5 Traditional Command Languages 295
CHAPTER 10 Devices 300
10.1 Introduction 302
10.2 Keyboards and Keypads 304
10.3 Pointing Devices 310
10.4 Displays 328
CHAPTER 11 Communication and Collaboration 348
11.1 Introduction 350
11.2 Models of Collaboration 354
11.3 Specific Goals and Contexts 360
11.4 Design Considerations 368
PART 4 DESIGN ISSUES 384
CHAPTER 12 Advancing the User Experience 386
12.1 Introduction 388
12.2 Display Design 389
12.3 View Window Management 395
12.4 Animation 401
12.5 Webpage Design 403
12.6 Color 406
12.7 Nonanthropomorphic Design 412
12.8 Error Messages 416
CHAPTER 13 The Timely User Experience 426
13.1 Introduction 428
13.2 Models of System Response Time SRT Impacts 430
13.3 Expectations and Attitudes 434
13.4 User Productivity and Variability in SRT 436
13.5 Frustrating Experiences 438
CHAPTER 14 Documentation and User Support a.k.a. Help 446
14.1 Introduction 448
14.2 Shaping the Content of the Documentation 449
14.3 Accessing the Documentation 455
14.4 Reading from Displays versus Reading from Paper 460
14.5 Online Tutorials and Animated Demonstrations 465
14.6 Online Communities and Other Avenues for User Support 468
14.7 The Development Process 470
CHAPTER 15 Information Search 476
15.1 Introduction 478
15.2 Five-Stage Search Framework 482
15.3 Dynamic Queries and Faceted Search 492
15.4 Command Languages and Natural Language Queries 497
15.5 Multimedia Document Search and Other Specialized Search 498
15.6 The Social Aspects of Search 502
CHAPTER 16 Data Visualization 508
16.1 Introduction 510
16.2 Tasks in Data Visualization 511
16.3 Visualization by Data Type 519
16.4 Challenges for Data Visualization 527
AFTERWORD Societal and Individual Impact of User Interfaces 536
A.1 Future Interfaces and Grand Challenges 538
A.2 Ten Plagues of the Information Age 542
Name Index 549
Subject Index 555
Credits 573
內容試閱:
Preface
Designing the User Interface is written for students, researchers, designers, managers, and evaluators of interactive systems. It presents a broad survey of how to develop high-quality user interfaces for interactive systems. Readers with backgrounds in computer science, engineering, information sciencestudiessystems, business, psychology, sociology, education, and communications should all find fresh and valuable material. Our goals are to encourage greater attention to user experience design issues and to promote further scientific study of human-computer interaction, including the huge topic of social media participation.
Since the publication of the first five editions of this book in 1986, 1992, 1998, 2005, and 2010, HCI practitioners and researchers have grown more numerous and influential. The quality of interfaces has improved greatly, while the community of users and its diversity have grown dramatically. Researchers and designers deserve as much recognition as the Moores Law community for bringing the benefits of information and communications technologies to more than 6 billion people. In addition to desktop computers, designers now must accommodate web-based services and a diverse set of mobile devices.
User-interface and experience designers are moving in new directions. Some innovators provoke us with virtual and augmented realities, whereas others offer alluring scenarios for ubiquitous computing, embedded devices, and tangible user interfaces.
These innovations are important, but much work remains to be done to improve the experiences of novice and expert users who still struggle with too many frustrations. These problems must be resolved if we are to achieve the goal of universal usability, enabling all citizens in every country to enjoy the benefits of these new technologies. This book is meant to inspire students, guide designers, and provoke researchers to seek those solutions.
Keeping up with the innovations in human-computer interaction is a demanding task, and requests for an update begin arriving soon after the publication of each edition. The expansion of the field led the single author of the first three editions, Ben Shneiderman, to turn to Catherine Plaisant, a longtime valued research partner, for coauthoring help with the fourth and fifth editions.
In addition, two contributing authors lent their able support to the fifth edition:
Maxine S. Cohen and Steven M. Jacobs have long experience teaching with earlier editions of the book and provided fresh perspectives that improved the quality for all readers and instructors. In preparing for this sixth edition, the team expanded again to include Niklas Elmqvist and Nick Diakopoulos, who are both new colleagues at the University of Maryland. We harvested information from books and journals, searched the World Wide Web, attended conferences, and consulted with colleagues. Then we returned to our keyboards to write, producing first drafts that served as a starting point to generate feedback from each other as well as external colleagues, HCI practitioners, and students. The work that went into the final product was intense but satisfying. We hope you, the readers, will put these ideas to good use and produce more innovations for us to report in future editions.
New in the Sixth Edition
Readers will see the dynamism of human-computer interaction reflected in the substantial changes to this sixth edition. The good news is that most universities now offer courses in this area, and some require it in computer science, information schools, or other disciplines. Courses and degree programs in humancomputer interaction, human-centered computing, user experience design, and others are a growing worldwide phenomenon at every educational level.
Although many usability practitioners must still fight to be heard, corporate and government commitments to usability engineering grow stronger daily.
The business case for usability has been made repeatedly, and dedicated websites describe numerous projects demonstrating strong return on investment for usab