陈立明,西藏民族学院教授,中国西南民族研究学会副会长、中国民族学会常务理事,享受国务院政府特殊津贴专家。长期从事西藏历史文化的教学和研究工作,在西藏历史文化和喜马拉雅文化等研究领域颇有造诣,著有《西藏民俗文化》、《走入喜马拉雅丛林西藏门巴族、珞巴族文化之旅》等多部学术著作,发表相关论文50余篇。 Professor Chen Liming of Xizang Minzu University in the ancient city of Xianyang is the deputy director of the Society for the Study of Ethnic Groups in Southwest China, executive director of the Association of Chinese Ethnology, and a State Council Expert for Special Allowance. He has been teaching and researching Tibetan history and culture for many years, making special achievements in Himalayan cultures as well as the general history and culture of Tibet. He has published many academic books including Folk Culture in Tibet and A Walk in the Himalayan Forests: Cultural Journey of the Monba and Lhoba Peoples in Tibet, in addition to more than 50 theses.
目錄:
TABLE OF CONTENTSIntroductionTibetan Folk Customs: Splendid painting scroll rich with the snowy plateaus unique featuresChapter OneMellow tea and fragrant wine amid bright colours folk customs in daily lifeI. CuisineII. ApparelIII. HousingChapter TwoRituals for spirit and life folk customs in a persons lifeI. Rituals upon birthII. Customs behind namesIII. Marriage customsIV. Funeral customsChapter ThreeSacred time and space created in magnificent imaginations religious beliefsI. Folk beliefsII. Bon religionIII. Tibetan BuddhismChapter FourFestivals through four seasons bring a sea of happiness festival customsI. Seasonal festivalsII. Production festivalsIII. Religious festivalsIV. Recreational festivalsChapter FiveCombat of strength and skill to amuse and cultivate contests and recreationsI. Folk contestsII. Folk recreations
內容試閱:
IntroductionTibetan Folk Customs: Splendid painting scroll rich with the snowy plateaus unique featuresWith an average elevation above sea level of 4,000 metres and the worlds highest mountain, the Tibetan Plateau has been aptly named the Third Pole of the Earth. Over the course of thousands of years, the Tibetan people have created a splendid culture in this magical land.Folk customs form an important part of Tibetan culture, embedding and reflecting the unique features of the snowy plateau.The formation and development of Tibetan folk customs span a long time. Between 50,000 to 10,000 years ago, ancient humans left their traces on the Tibetan Plateau. What can be considered Tibetan folk customs began to take shape in the Neolithic Age, about 5,000 to 4,000 years ago. The discovery of the ruins of two primitive villages in Karub, Chamdo, and Qoigong, Lhasa, provided an outline of how ancient people lived in Tibet. We can catch glimpses of their material and spiritual lives through relics of food, housing, apparel and methods of transport.During the Tang Dynasty AD 618-907, Tibet was known as the Tubo regime. It was a period of cultural blossoming and folk customs developed in leaps and bounds. The basic norms of the regions folk customs matured in the Tubo Era, and have continued to grow and influence generations until today.For more than 1,000 years after the Tubo Era, Tibetan folk customs flourished along with social growth and cultural exchanges among ethnic groups to become a significant element of Tibetan culture.Tibetan folk customs have a long history and striking features, with their own unique lineage.Geographical FeaturesGeographical features are some of the most striking elements that set Tibetan folk customs apart from those of other areas.Tibet lies on the roof of the world. To its north are the Kunlun and Tanggula mountain ranges; at its centre lie the Gandise-Nyanchen Thanglha Mountains; the Himalayas border its south and the Hengduan Mountains lie on its eastern rim. These giants form the backbone of the plateau.The landscape of Tibet is naturally formed into several distinct parts. The northern plateau which includes the Ali Plateau lies between the Kunlun, Tanggula and the Gandise-Nyanchen Thanglha mountains. In the Tibetan language, this vast area is called Changtang meaning plateau in the north. Between the Gandise-Nyanchen Thanglha Mountains and the Himalayas is the valley of southern Tibet. The mighty Yarlung Zangbo River and its tributaries the Lagazangbo, Nyangchu, Lhasa and Nyang Qu rivers run through the valley. Further south is the Himalayan mountain area, which includes the southern and southeastern slopes of the Himalayas. Finally theres the eastern valley area where the Nu, Lancang and Jinsha upper reaches of the Yangtze rivers cut deep ravines through the Hengduan Mountains...