Chapter 1 Introduction......................................... 1
A BRIEF OVERVIEW OF IMMUNOLOGY................. 1
HIST ORY OF IMMUNOLOGY................................... 10
STUDY QUESTIONS.................................................... 13
Suggested readingS .......................................... 13
Chapter 2 Antigen.................................................... 14
DEFINITION................................................................. 14
Epitopes...................................................................... 14
Classification of Antigens BASED ON
IMMUNE RESPONSE............................................. 15
DETERMINANTS OF IMMUNOGENICITY............ 15
ANTIGEN RECEPTORS.............................................. 16
ANTIGENIC SPECIFICITY......................................... 17
STUDY QUESTIONS ................................................... 18
Suggested readingS........................................... 18
Chapter 3 Antigen Recognition Molecules
....................................................................... 19
ANTIBODIESIMMUNOGLOBULINS................... 20
Major Histocompatibility Complex ......... 25
STUDY QUESTIONS.................................................... 28
Suggested ReadingS........................................... 28
Chapter 4 The Complement System............ 29
Complement Activation................................. 29
Regulation of the Complement
System ................................................................. 31
Biological Consequences of
Complement Activation.............................. 32
Defects in the Complement System........... 34
STUDY QUESTIONS ................................................... 34
Suggested readingS........................................... 35
Chapter 5 Organs and Tissues of the
Immune System................................. 36
LYMPHOID ORGANS................................................. 36
Contents
STUDY QUESTIONS.................................................... 39
Suggested ReadingS........................................... 39
Chapter 6 Immune Cells...................................... 41
Lymphocytes........................................................... 41
Phagocytic Cells................................................. 47
Dendritic Cells .................................................... 48
STUDY QUESTIONS.................................................... 48
Suggested ReadingS........................................... 48
Chapter 7 Immune Response............................ 49
AN TIGEN PROCESSING AND
PRESENTATION................................................... 49
AC TIVATION OF HELPER T LYMPHOCYTES.......... 51
HU MORAL IMMUNE RESPONSE
HUMORAL IMMUNITY.................................... 55
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY RESPONSE ........... 58
FA CTORS INFLUENCING ANTIBODY
PRODUCTION........................................................ 59
CE LL-MEDIATED IMMUNE RESPONSE
CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY.......................... 60
CYTOKINES.................................................................. 64
THEORIES OF IMMUNE RESPONSE....................... 71
STUDY QUESTIONS.................................................... 73
SUGGESTED READINGS........................................... 75
Chapter 8 Immunological Tolerance........... 76
CE NTRAL T CELL TOLERANCE TO SELFANTIGENS...............................................................
76
PE RIPHERAL T CELL TOLERANCE TO SELFANTIGENS...............................................................
77
B C ELL TOLERANCE TO SELF-ANTIGENS........... 78
AR TIFICIALLY INDUCED TOLERANCE IN
VIVO......................................................................... 79
STUDY QUESTIONS.................................................... 80
SUGGESTED READINGS........................................... 80
Contents
目 录
XIV 医学免疫学Meeddiiccaall IImmuunnoollooggyy
Chapter 9 Hypersensitivity................................ 81
DEFINITION................................................................. 81
GELL AND COOMBS CLASSIFICATION................ 81
IMMEDIATE TYPE I HYPERSENSITIVITY.............. 81
TY PEⅡ HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTION
ANTIBODY-DEPENDENT CYTOTOXICITY........ 89
TY PEⅢ HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTION
IMMUNE COMPLEX-MEDIATED.................... 93
TY PE Ⅳ CELL-MEDIATED DELAYED
HYPERSENSITIVITY.............................................. 96
STUDY QUESTIONS.................................................. 101
SUGGESTED READINGS......................................... 101
Chapter 10 Autoimmunity................................ 102
PR OBABLE MECHANISMS OF
AUTOIMMUNITY................................................ 102
AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES...................................... 107
STUDY QUESTIONS.................................................. 109
Suggested readings......................................... 110
Chapter 11 Immunodeficiency Disorders...... 111
PRIMARY IMMUNoDeFICIENCIES...................... 111
SE CONDARY ACQUIRED IMMUNodEFICIENCIES
.................................................................................. 117
STUDY QUESTIONS.................................................. 125
SUGGESTED READINGs......................................... 125
Chapter 12 Tumor Immunology......................... 126
CANCER： ORIGIN..................................................... 126
TUMOR ANTIGENS.................................................. 129
Cancer Immunotherapy................................ 134
STUDY QUESTIONS.................................................. 136
SUGGESTED READINGs......................................... 137
Chapter 13 Transplantation Immunology...... 138
Graft Rejection................................................... 138
FACTORS FAVORINGALLOGRAFT SURVIVAL...... 140
Mechanism Involved in Graft Rejection
................................................................................ 142
Tempo of Rejection............................................ 145
STUDY QUESTIONS.................................................. 147
SUGGESTED READINGS......................................... 147
Chapter 14 Immunological Techniques.......... 149
ST AGES OF ANTIGEN-ANTIBODY
INTERACTIONS.................................................... 149
ME ASUREMENT OF ANTIGEN AND ANTIBODY
................................................................................ 149
PrecipitationReactions................................. 149
Agglutination Reaction............................. 154
MO NOCLONAL ANTIBODIES AND
HYBRIDOMA TECHNIQUE............................. 167
STUDY QUESTIONS.................................................. 170
SUGGESTED READINGs......................................... 171
Chapter 15 Immunoprophylaxis &
Immunotherapy............................... 172
IMMUNOPROPHYLAXIS........................................ 172
IMMUNOTHERAPY.................................................. 179
STUDY QUESTIONS.................................................. 183
SUGGESTED READINGs......................................... 183
Chapter 16 Immunity in Viral, Bacterial,
Fungal, and Parasitic
Infections............................................. 184
IMMU NITY IN VIRALINFECTIONS...................... 184
IMMU NITY IN BACTERIAL INFECTIONS........... 188
IMMU NITY IN FUNGAL INFECTIONS................ 197
IMMU NITY IN PARASITIC INFECTIONS............ 198
STUDY QUESTIONS.................................................. 204
SUGGESTED READINGs......................................... 204
內容試閱：
序言 Immunology is the study focusing on the organizational structures and functions ofimmune system. It demonstrates remarkable features of high-speed development andintersections with multiple disciplines, and gradually formed frontier branches such asmodern cellular immunology and immunogenetics. Meanwhile, immunology is an advanceddiscipline which is closely related to clinical applications. Therefore, immunology plays a keyrole in medical science, and thus become an important compulsory course for the students ofmedicine or biology.The contents of this textbook covers the knowledge from the basis of immunology toclinical applications, including overview of immunology, the antigens, components inimmune system immune organs, immune cells, immune molecules, etc. and immuneresponses. It also involves the applications of immunology immunological techniques,immunoprophylaxis and immunotherapy, etc., immune-related diseases and immunity ininfectious diseases. This edition of Medical Immunology is intended as a comprehensive,concise and valuable textbook for the foreign medical students studying in China andalso suitable for 5-year program Chinese medical students to learn the basic knowledge ofimmunology and to build up solid foundations for subsequent clinical courses of study andfuture academic studies.This textbook was edited and adapted on the basis of Textbook of Immunology [Sunil KumarMohanty, et al. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers P Ltd.2nd edition, 2014]. Sixteenprofessors from different universities who have been experienced in teaching immunologyfor foreign medical students joined the team for the work of this textbook. They also addedaccurate and up-to-date knowledge into each chapter according to the development ofimmunology, e.g., Chapter 16 is a completely new part in which the author explained themechanisms of immunity in viral, bacterial, fungal and parasitic infections, considering theactual health conditions in some countries where the foreign medical students come from.There might be some mistakes or omissions in this textbook since immunology is developingrapidly, we sincerely hope the readers give valuable opinions and comments through email sothat we can make corrections in the next edition.YAO ZhiDepartment of ImmunologyTianjin Medical UniversityTianjin 300070, P.R.Chinayaozhi@tmu.edu.cnJanuary 11, 2017
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