什么是组织行为学
WHAT IS ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR?
Before we define exactly what the field
of organizational behavior represents, take a moment to
ponder the following question: Who was
the single worst coworker youve ever had? Picture fellow
students who collaborated with you on
class projects; colleagues from part-time or summer
jobs; or peers, subordinates, or
supervisors working in your current organization. What did this
coworker do that earned him or her worst coworker status? Was it some of the
behaviors shown
in the right column of Table 1-1 or
perhaps all of them? Now take a moment to consider the
single best
coworker youve ever had. Again, what did this coworker do to earn best coworker
statussome
or most of the behaviors shown in the left column of Table 1-1 ?
If you ever found yourself working
alongside the two people profiled in the table, two questions
probably would be foremost on your mind:
Why does the worst
coworker act that way?
and Why does the best
coworker act that way? Once you understand why the two coworkers
act so differently, you might be able to
figure out ways to interact with the worst coworker more
effectively thereby making your working
life a bit more pleasant. If you happen to be a manager,
you might formulate plans for how to
improve attitudes and behaviors in the unit. Such
plans could include how to screen
applicants, train and socialize new organizational members,
manage evaluations and rewards for performance, and deal with conflicts
that arise between
employees. Without
understanding why employees act the way they do, its extremely hard to
find a way to change their attitudes and
behaviors at work.
ORGANIZATIONAL
BEHAVIOR DEFINED
Organizational
behavior OB is a field of study devoted
to understanding, explaining, and ultimately improving the attitudes and
behaviors of individuals and groups in organizations. Scholars in management
departments of universities and scientists in business organizations conduct research
on OB. The findings from those research studies are then applied by managers or
consultants to see whether they help meet real-world challenges. OB can be contrasted
with two other courses commonly offered in management departments: human
resource management and
strategic management. Human resource management takes the theories and principles studied
in OB and explores the nuts-and-bolts applications of
those principles in organizations. An OB study might explore the relationship
between learning and job performance, whereas a human
resource management study
might examine the best ways to structure training programs to promote
employee learning. Strategic management focuses on the product choices and industry characteristics
that affect an organizations
profitability. A strategic management study might
examine the relationship
between firm diversification when a firm expands into a new product
segment and firm
profitability.
The theories and concepts
found in OB are actually drawn from a wide variety of disciplines.
For example, research on job
performance and individual characteristics draws primarily from
studies in industrial and
organizational psychology. Research on satisfaction, emotions, and team
processes draws heavily from
social psychology. Sociology research is vital to research on team
characteristics and
organizational structure, and anthropology research helps inform the study
of organizational culture.
Finally, models from economics are used to understand motivation,
learning, and decision
making. This diversity brings a unique quality to the study of OB, as most
students will be able to
find a particular topic thats
intrinsically interesting and thought provoking to them.
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