目录Contents
第一章 颞骨外观
Chapter 1 The outline of temporal bone
1. 颞骨颅骨外侧观
The external cranial aspect of temporal bone
2. 颞骨颅窝观
The cranial fossa aspect of temporal bones
3. 颞骨颅底观
The cranial base aspect of temporal bones.
4. 左侧颞骨颅内侧观
The internal cranial aspect of left temporal bone
5. 分离颅骨中的颞骨
The temporal bones of separate cranium
6. 1对胎儿颞骨
A pair of fetal temporal bones
7. 胎儿颞骨及骨性鼓环
The temporal bones bony tympanic ringsannuli of fetus.
8. 2对颞骨
2 pairs of temporal bones
9. 右侧颞骨后上面观
The posterior superior aspect of right temporal bone
10. 右侧颞骨下面观
The inferior aspect of right temporal bone
11. 岩骨基底，3个小管：乳突、鼓室与颈鼓小管
The base of petrosa, three canaliculi: mastoid, tympanic caroticotympanic canaliculus
12.外耳道、鼓膜、外耳道后上三角与外耳道后上棘
External auditory meatus, tympanic membrane, posterior suprameatal triangle spine
第二章 鼓室
Chapter 2 The tympanum
1. 鼓膜下翻，显示３岁男孩的鼓室
The tympanic membrane turned down, display the tympanum of a 3 year old boy
2. ３岁男童的鼓室：鼓膜残留、听骨链、鼓索折断
The tympanum of a 3 year old boy: The remnant of tympanic、membrane, ossicular chain 、tympanic chord broken.
3. 3岁男童鼓室
The tympanum of a 3 year old boy
4. 鼓室和乳突窦内壁。
The internal wall of tympanum antrum
5. “齿突”（Cog）与匙突在鼓室内的关系，鼓索在距茎乳孔6mm处自面神经发出至鼓索凸。
The relationship of cog cochleariform process in tympanum, tympanic chord branched off from facial nerve at 6 mm of stylomastoid foramen to chordal eminence.
6. 鼓索小管的行程
The course of chordal canaliculus
7. 经鼓室、面神经管膝及面神经管骨迷路段至内耳道
To internal auditory meatus，through tympanum, genu facial canal bony labyrinthine segment of facial canal
8. 经乳突窦, 鼓室上隐窝,沿面神经管骨迷路段达内耳道。
Through the antrum, attic , bony labyrinthine segment of facial canal to internal auditory meatus
9. 鼓室上面观，听小骨、前（上）骨半规管
The superior aspect of tympanum, ossiclesauditory ossicles, antriorsuperior semicircular canal
10. 从颅内观察鼓室（鼓室盖打开）：鼓膜、听骨链、骨半规管
To observe tympanum from cranium ,tegmen of tympanum opened : tympanic membrane, ossicular chain, semicircular canals
11. 鼓室前面观（鼓室盖打开）： 鼓膜、听小骨
The anterior aspect of tympanumtegmen of tympanum opened）: tympanic membrane, ossiclesauditory ossicles
12. 鼓室前面观：鼓膜与听骨链
Anterior aspect of tympanum, tympanic membrane ossicular chain.
13. 鼓室前面观：鼓膜与听骨链
The anterior aspect of tympanum: tympanic membrane ossicular chain
14. 鼓室前上方观：鼓膜与听骨链，膜性鼓环。
Anterior superior aspect of tympanum，tympanic membrane ossicular chain , membranous tympanic ringannulus
15. 鼓室上方观：听骨链
The superior aspect of tympanum, ossicular chain .
16. 鼓室前面观：鼓膜与听骨链
Anterior aspect of tympanum, tympanic membrane ossicular chain
17. 鼓室前面观（显微照片）
The anterior aspect of tympanumunder microscope
18. 鼓室前面观：鼓膜与听骨链
The anterior aspect of tympanum，tympanic membrane ossicular chain
19. 鼓室前上方观：鼓膜与听骨链
The anterior superior aspect of tympanum, tympanic membrane ossicular chain
20. 由侧颅底观察“齿突”和匙突。
To observe the "cog" cochleariform process from lateral cranial base
21. 通过鼓室底部观察 “齿突”和匙突。
To observe the cog cochleariform process from tympanic basebase of tympanum.
22. 由侧颅底观察鼓室, 镫骨保存
To observe tympanum from lateral cranial base: stapes conserved
23. 经侧颅底观察后鼓室
To observe posterior tympanum from lateral cranial basebase of lateral cranium
24. 从侧颅底观察后鼓室：3突（凸）、3嵴
To observe posterior tympanum from lateral cranial base: 3 eminences, 3 crests
25. 从侧颅底观察后鼓室：3突（凸）、3嵴
To observe posterior tympanum from lateral cranial base：3 eminences 3 crests
26. 听骨链与鼓膜残留
The ossicular chain remnant of tympanic membrane
27. 由颅窝揭开鼓室顶盖）观察鼓室：听骨链
To observe tympanum from cranial fossauncovered tegmen of tympanum: ossicular chain
28. 揭开鼓室盖、乳突窦盖和内耳道顶盖。
Uncovered the tegmen of tympanum, antrum internal auditory meatus
29. 从破损的鼓室盖观察中耳
To observe middle ear from broken tegmen of tympanum
30. 从破损的鼓室盖观察中耳
To observe middle ear from broken tegmen of tympanum
31. 通过破损的侧颅底显示镫骨
Display stapes through the broken lateral cranial base
32. 从颅内观察鼓室
To observe tympanum from cranium
第三章 鼓膜、听小骨、听骨链、鼓环、鼓环与听骨链
Chapter 3 The tympanic membranes, the auditory ossicles, the ossicular chains, the tympanic rings annuli, the tympanic rings the annuli the ossicular chains
1. 鼓膜外侧面观
The external aspect of tympanic membranes
2. 鼓膜内侧面观
The internal aspect of tympanic membranes
3. 鼓膜外侧面的标志
The external marks of tympanic membrane.
4.鼓膜内侧面观: 鼓膜与听骨链
The internal aspect of tympanic membrane: tympanic membrane ossicular chain
5.鼓膜外侧面观
The external aspect of tympanic membrane
6. 鼓膜内面观: 鼓膜与听骨链
The internal aspect of tympanic membrane: tympanic membrane ossicular chain
7. 鼓膜内侧面观
The internal aspect of tympanic membrane.
8. 鼓膜内面观： 鼓膜与听骨链
The internal aspect of tympanic membrane: tympanic membrane ossicular chain
9.鼓膜外侧面观
The external aspect of tympanic membrane.
10. 一个10个月婴儿的鼓膜内侧面观：鼓膜与听骨链
The internal aspect of tympanic membrane of a 10 month infant : tympanic membrane ossicular chain.
11. 一个10个月的婴儿鼓膜内侧面观：鼓膜与听骨链
The internal aspect of tympanic membrane of a 10 month old infant: tympanic membrane ossicular chain
12. 鼓膜与听骨链
Tympanic membrane ossicular chain
13. 鼓膜与听骨链
Tympanic membrane ossicular chain
14. 鼓膜与听骨链
Tympanic membrane ossicular chain
15. 听小骨
Ossicles auditory ossicles .
16. 1对锤骨
A pair of malleuses.
17. 砧骨
Incus
18. 镫骨
Stapes
19. 骨性鼓环、听骨链、鼓环与听骨链。
Bony tympanic ringsannuli, ossicular chains, tympanic rings（annuli ossicular chains
20. 三件骨性鼓环
3 Bony tympanic ringsannuli
21. 2组鼓环与听骨链内面观。
The internal aspect of 2 groups of tympanic ringsannuli ossicular chains
22.2组鼓环与听骨链外面观。
The external aspect of 2 groups of tympanic ringsannuli ossicular chains
23.鼓环与听骨链内侧面观。
The internal aspect of tympanic ringannulus ossicular chain
24.鼓环与听骨链内侧面观。
The internal aspect of tympanic ringannulus ossicular chain
25. 4组听骨链。
4 Groups of ossicular chains
26. 2组听骨链。
2 Groups of ossicular chains.
27.右侧听骨链内侧面观
The internal aspect of right ossicular chain
第四章 内耳骨迷路）与面神经（图1-30
Chapter 4 The inner ear（the bony labyrinth and the facial nerve Figs.1-30
1. 3骨半规管、坚角、面神经及面神经管。
3 semicircular canals ,solid angle，facial canal facial nerve
2. 中耳内侧壁（内耳外侧壁）。
The internal wall of middle ear external wall of inner ear
3. 耳蜗，面神经管开放；面神经管膝，蜗轴与匙突的关系
Cochlea facial canal opened；The relationship of Genu of facial canal , modiolus cochleariform process .
4.面神经管、骨半规管
Facial canal, semicircuar canals
5.面神经管、骨半规管
Facial canal, semicircular canals
6.骨迷路前外侧面观
The anterior external aspect of bony labyrinth.
7.骨迷路与面神经管
Bony labyrinth, facial canal
8.骨迷路
Bony labyrinth
9.骨迷路
Bony labyrinth
10.骨迷路在颞骨中
Bony labyrinth in temporal bone.
11.骨迷路在颞骨中
Bony labyrinth in temporal bone
12.骨迷路在颅内
Bony labyrinths in cranium
13. 迷路在颅内
Bony labyrinths in cranium
14.左侧骨迷路在颅内
Left bony labyrinth in cranium
15. 8岁女孩的骨迷路: 耳蜗、骨半规管与面神经管
8 year old girl''s bony labyrinth：cochlea, semicircular canals, facial canal
16. 3岁男童的骨迷路、面神经管、锥隆起
3 year old boy''s bony labyrinth, facial canal, pyramidal eminence
17.三岁男童的骨迷路：耳蜗、骨半规管开放
3 year old boy''s labyrinth, cochlea semicircular canals opened
18.骨迷路：面神经管（部分面神经保存），面神经管膝；镫骨和镫骨肌腱保存。
Bony labyrinth，facial canal（part facial nerve conserved , genu of facial canal； stapes stapedius tendon conserved
19.骨迷路、面神经管与面神经管膝
Bony labyrinth, facial canal genu of facial canal
20.6个月胎儿的骨迷路。
Bony labyrinth of a 6 month fetus
21. 6个月胎儿的骨迷路纵切
Long.sect. Bony labyrinth of a 6 month fetus
22.岩骨楔形纵切内面观：内听道底、前庭、耳蜗
The internal aspect of petrosa after a long wedge bone incised ：The fundus of internal auditory meatus, vestibule，cochlea
23.骨迷路和内耳道切面
The section of bony labyrinth internal auditory meatus
24.骨半规管横断面
The cross section of semicircular canals
25.前（上骨半规管横断面
The cross section of anteriorsuperior semicircular canal
26. 后骨半规管横断面
The cross section of posterior semicircular canal
27.外骨半规管横断面
The cross section of lateral semicircular canal
28.猪的左侧骨迷路
The left bony labyrinth of pig
29.羊的颞骨
Temporal bones of the goat
30.鸡的右鼓膜外侧面观
The external aspect of tympanic membrane of chicken
第五章 内耳（骨迷路）、面神经管和中耳金属铸型
Chapter 5 The cast casting mould of the inner ear the bony labyrinth, the facial canal the middle ear
1.骨迷路金属铸型，面神经管及其分支，鼓索在距茎乳孔9mm处从面神经发出。
The cast casting mould of bony labyrinth, facial canal its branches, tympanic chord branched off from facial nerve at 9 mm of stylomastoid foramen.
2.骨迷路金属铸型内侧面观
The internal aspect of cast casting mould of the bony labyrinth
3.骨迷路金属铸型外侧面观
The external aspect of cast of the bony labyrinth
4.骨迷路金属铸型内侧面观
The internal aspect of cast of the bony labyrnth
5.骨迷路金属铸型外侧面观。
The external aspect of cast of the bony labyrinth
6.骨迷路金属铸型外侧面观
The external aspect of cast of the bony labyrinth
7 .骨迷路金属铸型外侧面观
The external aspect of cast of bony labyrinth
8.骨迷路金属铸型外侧面观
The external aspect of cast of the bony labyrinyh
9.骨迷路金属铸型内侧面观
The internal aspect of cast of the bony labyrinth
10.左鼓室和咽鼓管金属铸型内侧面观
The internal aspect of cast of left tympanum auditory tube
11.鼓室、乳突窦及乳突气房的金属铸型
The cast of tympanum, antrum mastoid cells
12. 15件中耳及内耳金属铸型
15 casts of the middle ears inner ears
第六章 内耳道、内耳门与骨半规管
Chapter 6 The internal auditory meatus its porus, the semicircular canals
1.内耳道底
The fundus of internal auditory meatus
2.比较3个内耳门内径的大小
comparing the internal diameters of 3 internal auditory pori
3.内耳道开放
Internal auditory meatus opened .
4.内耳道开放
Internal auditory meatus opened
5.内耳道
Internal auditory meatus
6.内耳道开放
Internal auditory meatus opened
7.内耳道
Internal auditory meatus
8.内耳道开放
Internal auditory meatus opened
9.由岩大神经沟至内耳道
To internal auditory meatus from the groove for greater petrosal nerve
10.内耳道开放
Internal auditory meatus opened
11.内耳道、面神经管膝与前（上）骨半规管的关系
The relationship of internal auditory meatus, genu of facial canal anteriorsuperior semicircular canal
12.内耳道、面神经管膝与前（上）骨半规管的关系
The relationship of internal auditory meatus , genu of facial canal anteriorsuperior semicircular canal
13.内耳道、面神经管与前（上）骨半规管的关系
The relationship of internal auditory meatus, facial canal anteriorsperior semicircular canal
14.内耳道、面神经管与前（上）骨半规管
Internal auditory meatus, facial canal. anteriorsuperior semicircular canal
15.内耳道、前（上）骨半规管
Internal auditory meatus, anterior（superior）semicircular canal
16.除去内耳道后内壁，观察内耳道底
To observe fundus of internal auditory meatus after the posteior internal wall of internal auditory meatus removed
17.内耳道底
Fundus of internal auditory meatus
18.从颅内开放耳蜗、内耳道与骨半规管
Cochlea，internal auditory meatus, semicircular canal opened from cranium.
19.内耳道、耳蜗
Internal auditory meatus, cochlea
20.内耳道、耳蜗
Internal auditory meatus, cochlea
21.耳蜗、前（上）骨半规管
Cochlea, anteriorsuperior）semicircular canal
22.从颅内开放三骨半规管，弓状隆起与前（上）骨半规管的关系
Opened 3 semicircular canals from cranium, the relationship of arcuate eminence anteriorsuperior semicircular canal
23.前（上）骨半规管和后骨半规管开放
Anteriorsuperior semicircular canal, posterior semicircular canal opened
24.从颅内暴露前（上）骨半规管和后骨半规管
Exposed anteriorspuerior）semicircular canal posterior semicircular canal from cranium
25.内耳道底、前（上）骨半规管与后骨半规管
The fundus of internal auditory meatus, anteriorsuperior semicircular canal, posterior semicircular canal
26.从颅内开放内耳道和前庭
The internal auditory meatus vestibule opened from cranium .
27.后骨半规管与前（上）骨半规管
Posterior semicircular canal , anteriorsuperior semicircular canal
28.前上骨半规管与后骨半规管
Anteriorsuperior semicircular canal , posterior semicircular canal
第七章 前庭小管与蜗小管
Chapter 7 The vestibular aqueduct and the cochlear aqueduct
1.内淋巴囊裂
Fissure of endolymphatic sac
2. 探查内淋巴囊
Explored endolymphatic sac
3由后骨半规管至前庭水管
From posterior semicircular canal to vestibular aqueduct
4.蜗水管行程
The course of cochlear aqueduct
5.前庭水管和蜗水管的行程
The course of vestibular aqueduct cochlear aqueduct
6.内淋巴囊和前庭水管的行程
The course of endolymphatic sac vestibular aqueduct
7.从蜗水管外口跟踪蜗水管， 从内淋巴囊裂跟踪前庭水管
Followed cochlear aqueduct up from external aperture, followed vestibular aqueduct up from fissure of endolymphatic sac
.
第八章 颞骨的断面解剖：颞骨由外到内纵切、水平切、横断切和斜切（
Chapter 8 The sections of the temporal bone：the longitudinal section from the outer to the inner, the horizontal section, the cross section,
the oblique section
1.经外耳道外13、内23处颞骨纵切
Long. Sect.longitudinal section Through the outer 13， Inner 23 of external auditory meatus.
2. 经外耳道外23、内13处颞骨纵切
Long. Sect. Through the outer 23 inner 13 of external auditory meatus
3.经骨性鼓环外侧颞骨纵切
Long. Sect. Through the outer of tympanic ringannulus
4.经骨性鼓环颞骨纵切。
Long.sect. Through the bony tympanic ring（annulus
5.经鼓室和咽鼓管中线颞骨纵切为二
Long. Sect.Through the middle line of tympanum auditory tube made temporal bone into 2 sections.
6. 颞骨切片外侧部分内面观；颞骨切片内侧部分外面观
The internal aspect of lateral section of temporal bone; The external aspect of internal section of temporal bone
7.颞骨纵切内侧部分外面（中耳内壁）观。
Long. Sect.The external aspect of internal section internal wall of middle ear of temporal bone
8.左中耳内壁
Internal wall of left middle ear
9.经外骨半规管和面神经管右侧颞骨纵切。
Long. Sect. Through the lateral semicircular canal facial canal of right temporal bone.
10. 颞骨纵切，暴露耳蜗、面神经管和骨半规管
Long.sect. Exposed cochlea, facial canal semicircular canals
11.经面神经管乳突段纵切
Long.sect. Through the mastoid segment of facial canal
12.颞骨纵切，面神经管、耳蜗、 前庭和骨半规管开放
Long. Sect. Facial canal, cochlea ,vestibule semicircular canals opened
13.经前庭、耳蜗、内耳道和骨半规管纵切。
Long. Sect. Through vestibule, cochlea, internal auditory meatus semicircular canals
14.经耳蜗、前庭、面神经管和外骨半规管纵切
Long. Sect. Through the cochlea, vestibule, facial canal， lateral semicircular canal
15.经前庭、外骨半规管和前（上）骨半规管纵切
Long. sect.Through vestibule , lateral semicircular canal anteriorsuperior semicircular canal
16.经鼓环、前庭和耳蜗纵切
Long. Sect. Through tympanic ringannulus, vestibule cochlea
17.经前庭、耳蜗、骨半规管和面神经管颞骨纵切。
Long. Sect. Through vestibule, cochlea, semicircular canals facial canal
18.经鼓室上隐窝、外耳道和内耳道水平切，将颞骨切成3片
Horizontal sect. Through attic, external internal auditory meatus, made it into 3 sections
19.经鼓室上隐窝水平切
Horizontal sect. Through attic
20.经外耳道和内耳道颞骨水平切
Horizontal sect. Through the external auditory meatus internal auditory meatus
21.经外耳道和内耳道颞骨水平切
Horizontal sect. Through the external auditory meatus internal auditory meatus .
22.经内耳道和鼓室水平切
Horizontal sect. Through the internal auditory meatus tympanum
23.与岩骨轴垂直切面
Cross sect. Through the axis of petrosa at right angle
24.经前庭、耳蜗、骨半规管和面神经管斜切
Oblique sect. Through vestibule, cochlea, semicircular canals facial canal
25.经前庭、骨半规管和面神经管斜切
Oblique sect. Through vestibule, semicircular canals, facial canal
26.经外耳道和内耳道中线斜切
Oblique sect. Through the middle line of external auditory meatus internal auditory meatus
27.后鼓室切开术，面神经管、鼓索小管和骨半规管开放
Posterior tympanotomy, facial canal, chordal canaliculus semicircular canals opened
28.自岩骨后上至前下斜切
Oblique sect. From the posterior superior to anterior inferior of petrosa
29.经鼓室和咽鼓管中线纵切为二部分
Long. Sect. Through the middle line of tympanum auditory tube，made it into 2 parts
30.经鼓室砧骨（鼓室中线）纵切，锤骨镫骨保存
Long.sect. Through the incus middle line of tympanum, Malleus 、 stapes coserved
31.颞骨纵切外侧部分内面观： 锤骨，鼓膜；鼓索在鼓室全程
Long. sect. The internal aspect of lateral part of temporal bone: Malleus, tympanic menbrane; total course of tympanic chord in tympanum
32.颞骨纵切内侧部分外面（中耳内壁）观
Long.sect. The external aspect of internal partinternal wall of middle ear of temporal bone
33.经鼓室内壁（内耳外壁）颞骨纵切为二
Long. Sect. Through the internal wall of tympanum（external wall of inner ear. made it into 2 parts
34.颞骨外侧部分内面观：鼓膜、锤骨、砧骨和面神经保存
The internal aspect of lateral part of temporal bone: Tympanic membrane, malleus，incus facial nerve conserved
35.切开鼓室内壁内耳外壁），暴露前庭、耳蜗、骨半规管和面神经
The internal wall of tympanum（external wall of inner ear incised, exposed vestibule, cochlea, semicircular canals facial nerve.
36.颞骨从外至内纵切为4片：第一切经砧镫关节, 鼓膜、锤骨、砧骨和镫骨保存
Long.sect. Made temporal bone into 4 sections from external to internal. The 1st incision trans-incudostapedial joint, tympanic membrane, malleus，incus stapes conserved
37.第一切片内侧面观：鼓膜、槌骨、砧骨和鼓索保存
The internal aspect of 1st section. Tympanic menbrane， malleus, incus tympanic chord conserved
38.第二切片外侧面（中耳内壁）观： 外骨半规管；前庭；镫骨（前脚折断）、镫骨肌腱、面神经和膝神经节保存。
The external aspect of the 2nd section internal wall of middle ear: Lateral semicircular canal, vestibule；stapesanterior crus broken, stapedius tendon, facial nerve geniculate ganglion conserved
39.第二切片内侧面观：镫骨底板、耳蜗（蜗轴、骨螺旋板）、前庭、面神经、骨半规管、颈内动脉壁
The internal aspect of the 2nd section: base of stapes , cochlea（modiolus, bony spiral lamina, vestibule, facial nerve, semicircular canals , wall of carotid artery
40.第三切片外侧面观：耳蜗、内耳道、前（上）骨半规管
The external aspect of the 3rd section: Cochlea , internal auditory meatus，anteriorsuperior semicircular canal
41.第三切片内侧面、第四切片外侧面观：内耳道、乙状窦沟、颈静脉窝
The internal aspect of the 3rd section , external aspect of 4th section: Internal auditory meatus, groove for sigmoid sinus, jugular fossa
42.颞骨纵切为3片
Long.sect. Made temporal bone into 3 sections
43.经鼓室内壁纵切, 第一切片内面观：鼓膜、锤骨、砧骨、鼓索
Long. Sect. Trans-internal wall of tympanum，the internal aspect of 1st section: tympanic membrane, malleus, incus, tympanic chord .
44.第二切片外侧面观：耳蜗、外骨半规管、面神经管膝开放，面神经保存
The external aspect of 2nd section: cochlea, lateral semicircular canal, genu of facial canal opened, facial nerve conserved
45. 第二切片内侧面观、第三切片外侧面观：前庭、骨半规管、内耳道
The internal aspect of 2nd section. external aspect of 3rd section： Vestibule, semicircular canals, internal auditory meatus
第九章 颞骨手术: 中耳、骨迷路、面神经和经骨迷路至桥小脑角手术
Chapter 9 The surgery of the temporal bone: the surgery for the middle ear, the bony labyrinth, the facial nerve the trans-bony labyrinth to the cerebellopontine angle
1.单纯乳突凿开术（乳突腔骨骼化）
Simple mastoidectomy（mastoid cavity skeletonized
2.乳突腔骨骼化
Mastoid cavity skeletonized
3.乳突根治术
Radical mastoidectomy
4.小乳突窦
Small antrum
5.克氏隔
Korner''s septum
6.为耳蜗移植术作后鼓室切开术
Posterior tympanotomy for cochlea implantation
7.后鼓室切开术
Posterior tympanotomy
8.后鼓室切开术（显微镜下照）
Posterior tympanotomyunder microscope
9.后鼓室切开术
Posterior tympanotomy
10.后鼓室切开术
Postreior tympanotomy
11.后鼓室切开术
Posterior tympanotomy
12.后鼓室切开术
Posterior tympanotomy
13.后鼓室切开术，鼓膜和听骨链保存
Posterior tympanomy, tympanic membrane ossicular chain conserved
14.后鼓室切开术，面神经管和三骨半规管开放
Posterior tympanotomy, facial canal 3 semicircular canals opened
15.后鼓室径路，面神经管和三骨半规管开放，面神经管乳突段后壁一开口，通向颈静脉窝后外角（茎乳小管-茎乳动脉、静脉和神经管）
Posterior tympanic approach, facial canal 3 semicircular canals opened. an aperture on the posteior wall of mastoid segment of facial canal, it goes down to posterior lateral corner of jugular fossa stylomastoid canaliculus -canal of stylomastoid artery、vein nerve
16.插入一根铜丝至面神经管后壁开口中
A copper wire was inserted into the aperture of posterior wall of facial canal .
17.铜丝向下至颈静脉窝后外角开口出来
The copper wire was gone down to the aperture of posterior lateral corner of jugular fossa
18.从外耳道后壁至面神经管, 镫骨及其肌腱保存
To facial canal from posterior wall of external auditory meatus, stapes stapedius tendon conserved
19.乳突根治术后，开放面神经管乳突段
Uncovered the mastoid segment of facial canal, after radical mostoidectomy.
20.自鼓乳缝暴露面神经管乳突段：面神经管壁镫骨肌支开口
Exposed the mastoid segment of facial canal from the suture of tympanomastoid, the aperture of stapedeus branch on the wall of facial canal
21.面神经管镫骨肌支小管（从面神经管镫骨肌支小管开口，插入铜丝达锥隆起中央孔）。
The stapedius canaliculus of facial canal a copper wire was inserted from the aperture of stapedius canaliculus of facial canal to the central aperture of pyramidal eminence
22.从锥隆起中央开口引出的铜丝
The copper wire was led out from the central aperture of pyramidal eminence
23.从鼓室暴露面神经管、耳蜗、前庭及其开口
Exposed the facial canal, cochlea ,vestibule its apertures from tympanum
24.用图表显示本标本前庭结构显微镜下观
Diagram for the aspect of structure of vestibule of this specimen under microscope
25.后鼓室切开术，开放面神经管、骨半规管; 保留鼓膜和听骨链
Posterior tympanotomy, opened facial canal, semicircular canals; tympanic membrane ossicular chain conserved
26.改良的后鼓室切开术，面神经管；鼓索在距茎乳孔4mm处自面神经发出
Modified posterior tympanotomy, facial canal; tympanic chord branched off 4 mm from stylomastoid foramen
27.红管在面神经管内，金属丝在鼓索小管内
Red tube in facial canal, wire in chordal canaliculus .
28.茎乳孔内骨隔
A bony septum in stylomastoid foramen .
29.后鼓室切开术，面神经管、鼓索小管开放，鼓索在距茎乳孔 4mm处自面神经发出
Posterior tympanotomy, facial canal , chordal canaliculus opened, tympanic chord branched off 4 mm from stylomastoid foramen
30.一铜丝在面神经管内，一铜丝在鼓索小管内，鼓索在距茎乳孔 4mm处自面神经发出
A copper wire in facial canal, a copper wire in chordal canaliculus, tympanic chord branched off 4mm from stylomastoid foramen
31.后鼓室切开术，3骨半规管开放,面神经管全程开放（面神经全程减压术），鼓索在距茎乳孔 2 mm处自面神经发出
Posterior tympanotomy, 3 semicircular canals opened, total course of facial canal opened total course decompression of facial nerve, tympanic chord branched off 2 mm from stylomastoid foramen
32.红管在面神经管内，金属丝在鼓索小管内，鼓索在距茎乳孔 2 mm处自面神经发出
Red tube in facial canal, wire in chordal canaliculus , tympanic chord branched off 2 mm from stylomastoid foramen
33.面神经管和鼓索小管的关系
The relationship between facial canal chordal canaliculus
34.后鼓室切开术，岩骨后组气房探查术，面神经管、鼓索小管和骨半规管开放，鼓索在距茎乳孔2 mm处自面神经发出
Posterior tympanotomy, explored posterior cells of petrosa, facial canal, chordal canaliculus semicircular canals opened, tympanic chord branched off 2 mm from stylomastoid foramen.
35.面神经管和鼓索小管的行程，鼓索在距茎乳孔 2mm处自面神经发出
The course of facial canal chordal canaliculus, tympanic chord branched off 2 mm from stylomastoid foramen
36.面神经管和鼓索小管的关系
The relationship of facial canal chord canaliculus
37.后鼓室切开术，面神经管全程, 鼓索小管开放，鼓索在距茎乳孔 3－4 mm处自面神经发出
Posterior tympanotomy, total course of facial canal, chordal canaliculus opened , tympanic chord branched off 3-4 mm from stylomastoid foramen
38.面神经管与鼓索小管
Facial canal chordal canaliculus
39.从茎乳孔看鼓索小管和面神经管
To observe chordal canaliculus facial canal from stylomastoid foramen
40.后鼓室切开术，鼓索小管全程，鼓索在距茎乳孔1mm处自面神经发出达鼓索凸
Posterior tympanotomy, the total course of chordal canaliculus , tympanic chord branched off 1 mm from stylomastoid foramen to chordal eminence
41.面神经管和鼓索小管
Facial canal chordal canaliculus .
42.鼓索在距茎乳孔1mm处自面神经发出
Tympanic chord branched off 1 mm from stylomastoid foramen.
43.从茎乳孔前探查面神经管和鼓索小管，鼓索在距茎乳孔4-5mm自面神经发出
Explored facial canal chordal canaliculus from the front of stylomastoid foramen, tympanic chord branched off 4-5 mm from stylomastoid foramen
44.铜丝经鼓索小管至鼓索凸
Copper wire is passed chordal canaliculus to chordal eminence
45.在距茎乳孔6 mm处插铜丝入鼓索小管内
Inserted copper wire to chordal canaliculus for 6 mm from stylomastoid foramen
46.后鼓室切开术, 面神经管、鼓索小管和骨半规管开放，鼓膜和听骨链保存，鼓索在距茎乳孔10mm处自面神经发出
Posterior tympanotomy, facial canal, chordal canaliculus semicircularcanals opened, tympanic membrane ossicular chain conserved, tympanic chord branched off 10 mm from stylomastoid foramen
47.后鼓室切开术，面神经管、鼓索小管和骨半规管开放，鼓膜和听骨链保存，鼓索在距茎乳孔10mm处自面神经发出
Posterior tympanotomy, facial canal, chordal canaliculus semicircular canals opened, tympanic membrane ossicular chain conserved, tympanic chord branched off 10 mm from stylomastoid foramen
48.放大的面神经管和骨半规管
Facial canal semicircular canals amplified .
49.鼓索小管的行程，鼓索小管，面神经管和茎乳孔的关系，鼓索在距茎乳孔6mm处自面神经发出
The course of chordal canaliculus, The relationship of chordal canaliculus , facial canal stylomastoid foramen , the tympanic chord branched off 6 mm from stylomastoid foramen
50.面神经管与镫骨
Facial canal, stapes
51.红管在面神经管内
Red tube in facial canal
52.在茎乳孔前外侧暴露鼓索小管，鼓索在距茎乳孔 3mm处自面神经发出
Exposed chordal canaliculus at anterior external of stylomastoid foramen, tympanic chord branched off 3 mm from stylomastoid foramen
53.红管在面神经管内，在距茎乳孔 3mm处之鼓索小管开口插入铜丝
Red tube in facial canal, inserted copper wire to an aperture of chordal canaliculus for 3 mm from stylomastoid foramen
54.围绕茎乳孔周围暴露面神经管、鼓索小管；鼓索在距茎乳孔3mm处自面神经发出
Exposed the facial canal，chordal canaliculus around stylomastoid foramen, tympanic chord branched off 3 mm from stylomastoid foramen.
55.后鼓室切开术，从乳突及颅内双向打开3骨半规管、面神经管和鼓索小管开放，鼓索在距茎乳孔 3mm处自面神经发出
Posterior tympanotomy, 3 semicircular canals were opened bilaterally from mastoid intracranium, facial canal chordal canaliculus opened, tympanic chord branched off 3 mm from stylomastoid foramen
56.从鼓乳缝暴露面神经管乳突段和鼓索小管，鼓索在距茎乳孔3mm处自面神经发出
Exposed the mastoid segment of facial canal chordal canaliculus from the suture of tympanomastoid，tympanic chord branched off 3 mm from stylomastoid foramen.
57.后鼓室切开术，经骨迷路切除至桥小脑角，暴露面神经管，鼓索小管，鼓索在茎乳孔外自面神经发出至鼓索凸
Posterior tympanotomy, trans-bony labyrinth to cerebellopontine angle， exposed facial canal, chordal canaliculus , tympanic chord branched off outside of stylomastoid foramen to chordal eminence
58.鼓索小管在茎乳孔外自面神经发出至鼓索凸，锤骨保存
Tympanic chord branched off outside of stylomastoid foramen to chordal eminence, malleus conserved
59.鼓索在茎乳孔外自面神经发出
Tympanic chord branched off outside of stylomastoid foramen
60.鼓索小管（铜丝）入口位于面神经管（红管）外后方
The entrance of chordal canaliculuscopper wire at lateral posterior of facial canalred tube
61.探查岩骨后组和前组气房, 鼓索在茎乳孔外自面神经发出
Explored the posterior anterior cells of petrosa, tympanic chord branched off outside of stylomastoid foramen
62.鼓索小管（绿管）和面神经管（红管）的关系
The relationship of chordal canaliculusgreen tube facial canal red tube
63.鼓索在茎乳孔外自面神经发出
Tympanic chord branched off outside of stylomastoid foramen
64.鼓索在茎乳孔外自面神经发出
Tympanic chord branched off outside of stylomastoid foramen
65.面神经管、鼓索小管和茎乳小管的关系，鼓索在茎乳孔外自面神经发出
The relationship of facial canal, chordal canaliculus stylomastoid canaliculus. Tympanic chord branched off outside of stylomastoid foramen
66.面神经管、鼓索小管和茎乳小管的关系
The relationship of facial canal, chordal canaliulus stylomastoid canaliculus
67.乳突、茎突和茎乳孔的关系
The relationship of mastoid process, styloid process stylomastoid foramen
68.茎乳孔的结构，它被一曲形骨隔分为3个空间，鼓索在茎乳孔外自面神经发出
The structure of stylomastoid foramen, it is divided into 3 spaces by a curved bony septum . Tympanic chord branched off outside of stylomastoid foramen.
69.面神经管、鼓索小管和茎乳小管的关系
The relationship of facial canal, chordal canaliculus stylomastoid canaliculus
70.面神经管、鼓索小管和茎乳小管的关系
The relationship of facial canal, chordal canaliculus stylomastoid canaliculus
71.红管在面神经管内，铜丝在鼓索小管及茎乳小管内
Red tube in facial canal, copper wire in chordal canaliculus stylomastoid canaliculus
72.红管在面神经管内，铜丝在鼓索小管内
Red tube in facial canal, copper wire in chordal canaliculus
73.插铜丝入茎乳小管
Inserted copper wire into the stylomasoid canaliculus.
74.鼓索小管和茎乳小管在面神经管外侧
Chordal canaliculus stylomastoid canalilculus are at lateral of facial canaliculus
75.鼓索小管和茎乳小管在骨隔和面神经管的外侧
Chordal canaliculus stylomastoid canaliculus are at lateral of bony septum facial canal
76.面神经管（红管）、鼓索小管（绿管）与茎乳小管（铜丝）
Facail canalred tube, chordal canaliculusgreen tube, stylomastoid canaliculus copper wire
77.鼓索小管全程、面神经管与 茎乳小管
The total course of chordal canaliculus, facial canal, stylomastoid canaliculus
78.面神经管（红管）、鼓索小管（绿管）与茎乳小管（铜丝）
Facial canalred tube, chordal canaliculusgreen tube, Stylomastoid canaliculus copper wire
79.面神经管（红管）、鼓索小管（绿管）与茎乳小管（铜丝）在茎乳孔之关系
The relationship of facial canalred tube, chordal canaliculus green tube stylomastoid canaliculus （copper wire ）in stylomatoid foramen
80.经骨迷路径路听神经瘤切除术
Trans-bony labyrinthine approach for acoustic neurinoma resection
81.经骨迷路径路至桥小脑角
Trans-bony labyrinthine approach to cerebellopontine angle
82.经骨迷路至桥小脑角，扩大的后鼓室切开术
Trans-bony labyrinth to cerebellopontine angle, extensive posterior tympanotomy
83.自鼓室和外耳道底至侧颅底颞下窝行颈静脉窝手术，鼓索在距茎乳孔 4 mm处自面神经发出
To infratemporal fossa of lateral cranial base for jugular fossa surgery, from the bottom of tympanum external auditory meatus. Tympanic chord branched off 4mm from stylomastoid foramen
84.红管在面神经管内，铜丝在鼓索小管内，鼓索在距茎乳孔4 mm处自面神经发出
Red tube in facial canal, copper wire in chordal canaliculus, tympanic chord branched off 4 mm from stylmastoid foramen
85.鼓索小管在面神经管内之位置，鼓索在距茎乳孔4毫米出自面神经发出
The location of chordal canaliculus in facial canal, tympanic chord branched off 4 mm from stylomastoid foramen
86.乳突根治术后，探查岩尖气房
Explored the cells of petrosal apex after mastoidectomy
87.探查岩骨前组气房，耳蜗和前庭开放
Explored the anterior cells of petrosa cells of petrosal apex, cochlea vestibule opened
第十章 半规管的方向与半规管交角和内径的测量
Chapter 10 Measuring the directions, intersectional angles the internal diameters of the semicircular canals
1.三骨半规管的方向
The directions of 3 semicircular canals
2.骨半规管的方向
The directions of semicircular canals
3.骨半规管的方向
The directions of semicircular canals.
4.骨迷路的金属铸型，前（上）骨半规管
与外骨半规管的交角为50°
The cast of bony labyrinth, the intersectional angle of anteriorsuperior semicircular canal with lateral semicircular canal is 50 degrees
5. 前（上）骨半规管和外骨半规管的交角为 50°
The intersecional angle of anteriorsuperior semicircular canal with lateral semicircular canal is 50 degrees
6. 前（上）骨半规管和外骨半规管的交角
The intersectional angle of superior semicircular canal with lateral semicircular canal
7.前（上）骨半规管和外骨半规管的交角为 60°
The intrsectional angle of anteriorsuperior semicircular with lateral semicircular canal is 60 degrees
8.前（上）骨半规管的横断面内径
The internal diameters of transversal section of anteriorsuperior semicircular canal
9. 后骨半规管横断面内径
The internal diameters of transversal section of posterior semicircular canal
10.外骨半规管横断面内径
The internal diameters of transversal section of lateral semicircular canal
颞骨手术解剖学名词中英文对照
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