托克维尔(Alexis de Tocqueville, 1805-1859),法国政治思想家和历史学家,因其在《论美国的民主》和《旧制度与大革命》中探讨西方社会民主、平等与自由的关系,检视平等观念的崛起在个人与社会之间产生的摩擦而声誉鹊起。早年,托克维尔习法律
托克维尔出身于诺曼底贵族家庭,早年习法律,获得学位后在凡尔赛法庭做实习文官,结识了检察官古斯塔夫?德博蒙,此后两人合作写下许多著作。1831年,他们被派往美国考察其刑法和监狱制度。回国后,托克维尔做了一名律师,将他在美国的见闻写成书,这就是发表于1835年的经典之作《论美国的民主》,此书为他赢得骑士勋章,并于1841年当选法兰西学院院士。《旧制度与大革命》是托克维尔退出政坛后开始撰写的,只完成了第一卷便去世了。
目錄:
PREFACE............................................................................................1
BOOK FIRST
CHAPTER I........................................................................................2
CHAPTER II.......................................................................................6
CHAPTER III ...................................................................................10
CHAPTER IV...................................................................................13
CHAPTER V ....................................................................................17
BOOK SECOND
CHAPTER I......................................................................................20
CHAPTER II.....................................................................................28
CHAPTER III ...................................................................................35
CHAPTER IV...................................................................................43
CHAPTER V ....................................................................................47
CHAPTER VI...................................................................................50
CHAPTER VII..................................................................................58
CHAPTER VIII ................................................................................62
CHAPTER IX ...................................................................................66
CHAPTER X.....................................................................................78
CHAPTER XI ...................................................................................87
CHAPTER XII..................................................................................97
CHAPTER XIII...............................................................................110
CHAPTER XIV ..............................................................................118
CHAPTER XV................................................................................125
CHAPTER XVI ..............................................................................134
CHAPTER XVII.............................................................................142
CHAPTER XVIII............................................................................149
CHAPTER XIX...............................................................................153
CHAPTER XX................................................................................162
APPENDIX.....................................................................................169 NOTES............................................................................................178
NOTE REFERRING TO VARIOUS PASSAGES IN
THIS VOLUME .........................................................................233