1 Emergy Synthesis and Ecological Energy Accounting
1.1 The Evolution from Systems Theory to Emergy
1.2 Energy System Diagrams
1.3 Emergy Values and Their Transformation
1.4 The Ecological Energy Calculation Method
1.4.1 Definitions of Exergy, Emerge, and Transformity
1.4.2 General Emergy Calculation Method
1.5 Indices Used in Emergy Synthesis
1.6 Emergy Balance and Storage
1.7 Ecological Energy Accounting for Tourism
1.8 Conclusions
References
2 Ecological Energy Accounting for Macao''s Socioeconomic and Ecological Systems
2.1 Social and Economic Characteristics of Macao
2.2 Emergy Synthesis for Macao''s Eco-economic System in 2004
2.3 Comparison of the Emergy-Based Indices of Five Cities
2.3.1 Comparison of the Emergy Components
2.3.2 Emergy Density, Emergy Use, and Fuel Use per Person
2.3.3 Em$ Ratio and Emergy Investment Rate EIR
2.3.4 Emergy Exchange Ratio EER
2.3.5 Renewable Resources Proportion %Ren, Emergy Sustainability Index ESI, and Net Emergy Ratio NER
2.4 Time Series for Macao''s Emergy and Emergy-Based Indices
2.4.1 The Components of Emergy Use
2.4.2 Per Capita Electricity Emergy, Fuel Emergy, and Emergy Density Uarea
2.4.3 %Ren and Emergy Self-sufficiency Ratio ESR
2.4.4 Emergy Exchange Ratio EER and Emergy Yield Ratio
EYR
2.4.5 Total Emergy Used U, Emergy Money Ratio Em$,
Proportion of Waste Emergy W, and Per Capita Emergy
Use
2.4.6 Emergy Investment Ratio EIR, Environmental Loading
Ratio ELR, and Emergy Sustainability Index ESI
2.4.7 Net Emergy NE and the Net Emergy Ratio NER
2.5 Time Series for Emergy Flows of Italy, Sweden, and Macao of China
2.5.1 %Ren
2.5.2 Emergy Use Per Capita
2.5.3 Emergy Money Ratio Em$
2.5.4 Integrated Emergy Index: The Environmental
Sustainability Index ESI
2.5.5 Storage Indices: NE and NER
2.6 Statistical Analyses of Emergy-Based Indicators of Macao
2.7 Conclusions
References
3 Emergy Synthesis and Simulation for Macao
3.1 Introduction to Ecological Emergy Accounting in a System Dynamics Context
3.2 Simulation Methodology Using the STELLA Modeling Software
3.3 Land Use and Reclamation in Macao
3.4 Simulation Results and Analyses
3.5 Conclusions
References
4 Emergy Analysis for Tourism Systems: Principles and a Case
Study for Macao
4.1 Introduction to Ecological Emergy Accounting for Tourism
4.2 Methodology
4.2.1 Approaches Used in Tourism Emergy Accounting
4.2.2 Two Emergy Flows for Tourism: What You Paid for and What You Got
4.3 Emergy Analysis and Discussion: A Case Study of Tourism in Macao
4.3.1 Introduction to Tourism in Macao
4.3.2 Emergy Accounting for Macao''s Tourism Sector
4.4 Conclusions
References
5 Ecological Energy Accounting for the Gambling Sector: A Case Study in Macao
5.1 Introduction to Macao''s Gambling Sector
5.2 An Overview of Macao and Its Gambling Sector
5.3 Study Methodology
5.4 Results and Discussion
5.4.1 Water Emergy
5.4.2 Electricity Emergy
5.4.3 Food and Beverage Emergy
5.4.4 Labor Emergy
5.4.5 Em$ Ratio
5.4.6 Emergy Yield Ratio
5.4.7 Emergy Used per Gambler
5.4.8 The Per Capita Electricity Emergy
5.4.9 The Ratio of Imported Services to Emergy Used
5.4.10 Net Emergy and Net Emergy Ratio
5.4.11 Emergy Exchange Ratio
5.5 Conclusions
References
6 Emergy Synthesis for Waste Treatment in Macao
6.1 Introduction to Waste Treatment in Macao
6.2 Emergy Accounting for Macao''s Wastes
6.3 Waste Emergy and Transformity in Macao
6.3.1 Waste Emergy Synthesis for Macao
6.3.2 Transformities of Wastes in Macao
6.4 Conclusions
References
7 Per Capita Resource Consumption and Resource Carrying
Capacity: A Comparison of the Sustainability of Macao and 17 Countries
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Methods
7.2.1 The Principle of Environmental Sustainability
7.2.2 Resource Consumption and Carrying Capacity
7.3 Results and Discussion
7.3.1 Emergy Consumption by the 17 Nations
7.3.2 Per Capita Emergy Consumption for the 17 Nations .
7.3.3 National Emergy Consumption and Sustainability Conditions
7.4 Comparison of the Per Capita Emergy Between 2000 and 2008
7.5 Summary of the Per Capita Emergy Analysis for Macao . . .
7.6 Conclusions
References
8 Conclusions and Outlook
8.1 Conclusions
8.1.1 Emergy Synthesis and Ecological Energy Accounting
8.1.2 Ecological Energy Accounting for Macao''s
Socioeconomic and Ecological Systems
8.1.3 Emergy Synthesis and Simulation for Macao
8.1.4 Emergy Analysis for Tourism Systems: Principles and
a Case Study for Macao
8.1.5 Ecological Energy Accounting for the Gambling Sector:
A Case Study in Macao
8.1.6 Emergy Synthesis for Waste Treatment in Macao
8.1.7 Per Capita Resource Consumption and Resource
Carrying Capacity: A Comparison of the Sustainability
of Macao and 17 Countries
8.2 Outlook
8.2.1 Better Statistics and More Exact Transformity Values
8.2.2 The Importance of Wastes and Their Treatment
8.2.3 Integrating Catabolic Processes with Emergy Accounting
Appendix A Supplementary Tables That Summarize the Inflow and
Outflow Emergy Values for Macao in 2004
Appendix B Supplementary Tables That Summarize the Inflows and
the Outflows of Emergy for Macao in 2007
Appendix C Definitions of the Parameters Used in This Book
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