Unit 1 The Reciprocating Piston
Petrol Engine
1.1 Modern requirements
1.1.1 Optimum performance
1.1.2 Good fuel economy
1.1.3 Less pollution
1.1.4 Minimum noise level
1.1.5 Easy cold starting
1.1.6 Economic servicing
1.1.7 Acceptable durability
1.1.8 Least weight
1.1.9 Compact size
1.1.10 Economic manufacture
1.2 Engine nomenclature
1.2.1 TDC and BDC
1.2.2 Piston stroke
1.2.3 Piston displacement
1.2.4 Engine capacity
1.2.5 Mean effective pressure
1.2.6 Indicated and brake power
1.2.7 Engine torque
1.2.8 Compression ratio
1.3 Operating principles of four-stroke
petrol engine
New words and expressions
Notes to the text
Unit 2 Combustion Chambers
and Processes
2.1 Combustion in the petrol engine
2.1.1 Basic considerations
2.1.2 Normal and abnormal
combustion
2.2 Petrol engine combustion chambers
2.2.1 Hemispherical chamber
2.2.2 Wedge chamber
2.2.3 Bowl-in-piston chamber
2.3 Combustion in the diesel engine
2.4 Diesel engine combustion chambers
2.4.1 Basic consideration
2.4.2 Advantages and disadvantages
of direct-injection
2.5 Cylinder charge agitation
2.5.1 Basic requirements
2.5.2 Compression turbulence
2.5.3 Induction swirl
New words and expressions
Notes to the text
Unit 3 Cylinder Assemblies and Piston
?Crank Mechanism
3.1 Cylinder and crankthrow
arrangements
3.1.1 Considerations in cylinder
design
3.1.2 Arrangement of engine
cylinders
3.1.3 Crankthrow arrangements
3.2 Cylinder block, crankcase and head
3.2.1 Cylinder block construction
3.2.2 Cylinder bores
3.2.3 Crankcase construction
3.2.4 Cylinder head construction
3.2.5 Cylinder head gasket
3.2.6 Cylinder liners
3.3 Pistons and connecting rods
3.3.1 Piston construction and
nomenclature
3.3.2 Piston materials and expansion
control
3.3.3 Gudgeon pins and their
location
3.3.4 Types of piston ring and
nomenclature
3.3.5 Piston ring materials and
expansion control
3.3.6 Connecting rods
3.3.7 Big-end bearing and
nomenclature
3.4 Crankshaft assembly and
main bearings
3.4.1 Crankshaft construction and
nomenclature
3.4.2 Flywheel with torsional vibration
?damper
3.4.3 Crankshaft timing wheel and
pulley
3.4.4 Crankshaft main bearings and
nomenclature
3.5 Crankshaft torsional vibration
?dampers
3.5.1 The causes of crankshaft
vibration
3.5.2 Methods of mounting torsional
vibration dampers
3.6 Valve train
3.6.1 Side camshaft, push-rods and
rockers
3.6.2 Identifying the parts of a cam
profile
3.6.3 Hydraulic tappets
3.6.4 Engine valves
3.6.5 Valve springs
3.7 Timing drive
3.7.1 Valve timing diagrams
3.7.2 Methods of driving camshafts
3.7.3 Variable valve timing
New words and expressions
Notes to the text
Unit 4 Diesel Fuel Injection Systems
4.1 General layout
4.2 The in-line fuel injection pump
4.2.1 Construction and operation
4.2.2 Pumping element control
4.2.3 Pumping element delivery
valve
4.3 Governing the in-line fuel injection
pump
4.3.1 Minimum and maximum speed
governor
4.3.2 All-speed governor
4.4 Construction and Operation of the
Distributor Fuel Injection Pump
4.5 Timing in-line fuel injection pumps
4.6 Fuel injectors
4.6.1 Basic requirements
4.6.2 Types of fuel injector nozzle
4.7 Introduction to electronic
diesel control
4.7.1 Basic features of an electronic
diesel control system
4.7.2 Electronic unit injector
system
New words and expressions
Notes to the text
Unit 5 Petrol Engine Fuel Injection
5.1 Advantages of petrol engine
fuel injection
5.2 Mutipoint fuel injection
5.2.1 Fuel flow system
5.2.2 Air flow system
5.2.3 Electrical flow system
5.2.4 Further development of the
electronic MPI system
5.3 Single-point fuel injection
5.3.1 Electronic SPI system
5.3.2 Further developments
New words and expressions
Notes to the text
Unit 6 Hybrid Electric Vehicles
6.1 Concept of hybrid electric drive train
6.2 Architectures of hybrid electric
drive train
6.2.1 Series hybrid electric
?drive train
6.2.2 Parallel hybrid electric
drive train
6.2.3 Torque-coupling paralled hybrid
electric drive train
6.3 Electric propulsion systems
6.3.1 The function and the requirement
of electric propulsion systems
6.3.2 The structure evolution of electric
propulsion systems
6.3.3 DC motor drives
6.3.4 Induction motor drives
6.3.5 Permanent magnetic brushless
DC motor drives
New words and expressions
Unit 7 Engine Lubrication
7.1 Engine lubrication oils
7.1.1 Mineral oils
7.1.2 Synthetic oils
7.1.3 Functions and properties of
engine oil
7.1.4 Classification of engine oils
by viscosity
7.2 Engine lubrication systems
7.3 Oil pumps and pressure relief valves
7.3.1 Developing oil pressure in the
fully forced system
7.3.2 External gear pump
7.3.3 Internal gear pump
7.3.4 Pressure relief valves
New words and expressions
Notes to the text
Unit 8 Engine Cooling, Vehicle
Heating and Air Conditioning
8.1 Engine water-cooling system
8.1.1 Circulation of cooling water
8.1.2 Operating principle of the
thermosyphonic system
8.1.3 Forced-circulation cooling
system
8.1.4 Coolant pump construction
8.1.5 Coolant pump operation
8.1.6 Variable-drive fan
8.1.7 Radiator construction
8.1.8 Thermostatic control of the
water-cooling system
8.2 Engine coolant
8.2.1 Antifreeze solutions
8.2.2 Chemical composition
8.2.3 Long-life engine coolants
8.3 Refrigerated air conditioning
8.3.1 Principles of refrigerated air
conditioning
8.3.2 Components of a refrigerated air
conditioning system
New words and expressions
Notes to the text
Unit 9 Intake and Exhaust System
9.1 Air cleaner and silencer
9.1.1 General requirements
9.1.2 Methods of air cleaning
9.1.3 Methods of air silencing
9.1.4 Types and applications
9.2 Intake and exhaust manifolds
9.2.1 Intake manifold
9.2.2 Exhaust manifold
9.2.3 Exhaust silencer
New words and expressions
Notes to the text
Unit 10 Forced Induction
10.1 Natural aspiration and forced
induction
10.2 Methods of pressure charging
10.2.1 Mechanical supercharging
10.2.2 Exhaust turbocharging
New words and expressions
Notes to the text
Unit 11 Engine Emission Control
11.1 Petrol engine pollutants
11.1.1 The nature and sources of
pollutants
11.1.2 Permitted levels of
pollutants
11.2 Petrol engine emission control
11.2.1 General background
11.2.2 Pre-catalytic-converter emission
controls
11.2.3 Catalytic converters
11.3 Diesel engine pollutants
11.3.1 Causes of smoke emission
11.3.2 Assessing the density of smoke
emission
New words and expressions
Notes to the text
Unit 12 Friction Clutches
12.1 Types of single-plate clutch
12.1.1 Multi-coil spring clutch
12.1.2 Diaphragm spring clutch
12.2 Clutch control systems
12.2.1 Cable-operated control
system
12.2.2 Hydraulically operated
control system
12.2.3 Clutch pedal and linkage
adjustment
12.3 Clutch center plate construction
12.3.1 Functioning of centre plate
components
12.3.2 Sintered metal clutch
linings
New words and expressions
Noses to the text
Unit 13 Layshaft Gearboxes
13.1 Constant-mesh gearboxes
13.2 Inertia lock synchromesh
13.2.1 Blocking pin synchronizers
13.2.2 Baulking ring
synchronizers
13.3 Gear selector mechanisms
13.3.1 Multi-rail selection
13.3.2 Remote type of gear lever
control
New words and expressions
Notes to the text
Unit 14 Fluid Couplings and Torque
?Converters
14.1 Fluid couplings
14.1.1 Background and advantages in
fluid couplings
14.1.2 Basic construction of a sealed
fluid coupling
14.1.3 Operation of a fluid
coupling
14.2 Torque converters
14.2.1 Torque converters in motor
vehicles
14.2.2 Advantages of torque
converters
14.2.3 Basic construction of a torque
converter
14.2.4 Operation of a torque
converter
14.3 Fluid couplings and torque converters
in service
14.3.1 Fluid couplings
14.3.2 Torque converters
New words and expressions
Notes to the text
Unit 15 Epicyclic Gearboxes
15.1 Basic epicyclic gearing
15.1.1 General background and
advantages of epicyclic
gearing
15.1.2 Basic construction of an
epicyclic gear train
15.2 Operation of epicyclic gear trains
15.2.1 Simple epicyclic gear train
15.2.2 Coupled simple epicyclic
gear trains
15.2.3 Simpson epicyclic gearset
15.2.4 Ravigneaux epicyclic
gearset
15.3 Friction brakes for epicyclic
gearboxes
15.3.1 Types of friction brake
15.3.2 Band brakes
15.3.3 Multi-plate clutches
New words and expressions
Notes to the text
Unit 16 Automatic Transmissions for
Passenger Cars
16.1 Advantages of the fully automatic
transmission
16.2 Basic construction of an automatic
transmission
16.3 Automatic transaxles
16.3.1 Input chain drive
16.3.2 Output three-gear drive
16.3.3 Output four-gear drive
16.4 Hydraulic control systems
16.4.1 Functions of the hydraulic
control system
16.4.2 Operation of the hydraulic
control system
16.4.3 Hydraulic pump
16.4.4 Pressure regulator and boost
valves
16.4.5 Manual valve
16.4.6 Throttle and kick-down
valves
16.5 Electrohydraulic control systems
16.5.1 Advantages of electronic
transmission control
16.5.2 Arrangement and functioning of
an electronic?transmission
control system
New words and expressions
Notes to the text
Unit 17 Propeller Shafts and Joints
17.1 Universal joints
17.2 Flexible joints
17.3 Joints for front-axle half-shafts
New words and expressions
Notes to the text
Unit 18 Differential
18.1 Final drive
18.2 Construction and operating principle
of the differential
18.2.1 Construction of bevel-gear
differential
18.2.2 Operating principle of
differential
18.2.3 Construction of spur-gear
differential
18.3 Differential lock
18.3.1 Dog-clutch differential lock
18.3.2 Automatic differential locks and
limited-slip differentials
New words and expressions
Notes to the text
Unit 19 Suspension
19.1 Basic structure of suspension
19.2 Suspension operating principle
19.2.1 Oscillation
19.2.2 Suspension bump, roll and pitch
movements
19.3 Types of spring
19.3.1 Leaf springs
19.3.2 Coil springs
19.3.3 Torsion bar springs
19.4 Dampers
19.4.1 Twin-tube dampers
19.4.2 Single-tube dampers
19.5 Wheel location
19.5.1 Rigid axle
19.5.2 Independent suspension
New words and expressions
Notes to the text
Unit 20 Steering
20.1 Steering trapeze
20.2 Geometry of steered front wheels
20.2.1 Camber angle knuckle
20.2.2 Kingpin inclination
20.2.3 Steering offset
scrub radius
20.2.4 Caster angle
20.2.5 Wheel toe
20.3 Design of steering linkage
20.3.1 Track rod on vehicles with rigid
beam front axle
20.3.2 Track rod for independent
suspension
20.4 Steering box
20.4.1 Screw and nut steering gear
20.4.2 Worm-type steering box
20.5 Power-assisted steering
New words and expressions
Notes to the text
Unit 21 Brakes
21.1 Purpose and classification of brake
systems according to their use
21.2 Brake system types and operating
principles
21.3 Hydraulic brakes
21.3.1 Master cylinder
21.3.2 Wheel brake cylinders
21.3.3 Drum brakes
21.3.4 Disc brakes
21.3.5 Vacuum servo brake
system
21.4 Air brakes
21.4.1 Dual-circuit, twin-pipe air
brakes
21.4.2 Components of the air brake
system
New words and expressions
Notes to the text
Unit 22 Anti-lock Brakes and Traction
Control
22.1 Basic components of anti-lock brake
systems
22.1.1 Wheel speed sensors
22.1.2 Electronic control unit
22.1.3 System modulator
22.2 Type of anti-lock brake system
22.2.1 Plunger return
22.2.2 Power recharge
22.2.3 Dynamic inflow
New words and expressions
Notes to the text
Unit 23 Wheels and Tyres
23.1 Wheels
23.1.1 Wheel construction
23.1.2 Rims
23.2 Tyres
23.2.1 Tyre construction
23.2.2 Tyre markings
23.2.3 Tubeless tyres
23.3 Balancing of wheel
New words and expressions
Notes to the text
附录A 混合动力汽车释译
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