CHAPTER 1Introduction
1.1Background, objective, and challenge
1.2Organization
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 2Basics of Time Integration Algorithms
2.1Introduction
2.2Principle of time integration algorithms and properties
2.3Development of time integration algorithms
2.3.1Linear multi?step methods
2.3.2Newmark’s family methods
2.3.3Collocation methods
2.3.4α?family methods
2.3.5ρ?family methods
2.3.6Mixed implicit?explicit methods
2.4Numerical characteristics analysis of time integration
algorithms
2.4.1Spectral stability
2.4.2Accuracy analysis
2.5Conclusions
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 3Typical Time Integration Algorithms
3.1Introduction
3.2Analysis of typical time integration algorithms
3.2.1Central difference method
3.2.2Newmark’s method
3.2.3Hilber?Hughes?Taylor HHT?αmethod
3.2.4Generalized?αmethod
3.2.5Implicit?explicit method
3.2.6Modal truncation technique
3.2.7Integral form of existing algorithms
3.2.8State space procedure
3.3Applications for online hybrid test pseudodynamic test
3.3.1Applications of central difference method
3.3.2Hardware?dependent iterative scheme
3.3.3Newton iterative scheme based on HHT?αmethod
3.3.4α?operator?splitting OS method
3.3.5Predictor?corrector implementation of
generalized?αmethod
IPC?ρ∞
3.3.6Ghaboussi predictor?corrector method
3.4Conclusions
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 4Online Hybrid Test Using Mixed Control
4.1Introduction
4.2Presentation of the online test system
4.2.1Loading system
4.2.2Base?isolated structure model
4.2.3Test Setup
4.3Displacement?force Combined control
4.3.1Static test for combined control
4.3.2Algorithm of online test using displacement?force
combined
control
4.3.3Online test using displacement?force combined control
4.4Force?displacement switching control
4.4.1Static test for displacement?force switching control
4.4.2Algorithm of displacement?force switching control
4.4.3Online test using displacement?force switching control
4.5Conclusions
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 5Internet Online Hybrid Test Using Host?Station
Framework
5.1Introduction
5.2Presentation of the Internet online test system
5.2.1System framework
5.2.2Internet data exchange interface
5.3Accommodation with implicit finite element program
5.3.1Importance of stiffness prediction
5.3.2Proposed prediction method
5.4Internet online test of base?isolated structure
5.4.1Base?isolated structure model
5.4.2Test setup and test specimen
5.4.3Test Results
5.5Conclusions
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 6Internet Online Hybrid Test Using Separated?Model
Framework
6.1Introduction
6.2Development of separated?model framework
6.2.1Design of separated?model framework
6.2.2System implementation
6.2.3High?speed data exchange scheme using socket
mechanism
6.2.4Incorporation of finite element programs using restart
capability
6.3Preliminary investigations of separated?model framework
6.3.1Seismic simulation of an one?story braced frame
6.3.2Seismic simulation of a three?story braced frame
6.4Distributed online hybrid test on a base?isolated building
6.4.1Prototype structure
6.4.2Numerical simulation of superstructure
6.4.3Specimen for base isolation layer
6.4.4Specimen for retaining walls
6.4.5Test environment design
6.4.6Elastic properties of structure
6.4.7Pushover analysis
6.4.8Quasi?static test
6.4.9Earthquake response simulation
6.4.10Time efficiency of experiment
6.5Conclusions
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 7Internet Online Hybrid Test Using Peer?to?Peer
Framework
7.1Introduction
7.2Development of peer?to?peer P2P framework
7.2.1Design of P2P framework
7.2.2Iteration by quasi?Newton method
7.2.3P2P Internet onlinehybrid test scheme
7.2.4Incorporation of general?purpose finite element
FEM program
7.3Verification test of base?isolated structure
7.3.1Structure model and substructuring
7.3.2Internet online hybrid test environment
7.3.3Test setup and test specimen
7.3.4Test results
7.4Convergence criteria on P2P Internet online hybrid test
system
involving structural Nonlinearities
7.4.1Introduction
7.4.2Investigation of convergence criteria and tolerance
7.4.3Examination on type of divisions into substructures
7.4.4Number of degrees of freedom on boundaries
7.4.5Investigation on initial stiffness
7.4.6Summary
7.5Numerical characteristics of P2P predictor?corrector
procedure
7.5.1Introduction
7.5.2Recursive matrix of two?round quasi?Newton test
scheme
7.5.3Stability characteristics
7.5.4Accuracy characteristics
7.6Conclusions
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 8Application of online hybrid test in engineering
practice
8.1Introduction
8.2Application example of conventional online hybrid test
8.2.1Project brief
8.2.2Prototype and substructures
8.2.3Dynamics of the retrofitted structure
8.2.4Configuration of the hybrid test system
8.2.5Loading scheme
8.2.6Input ground motions and intensity
8.2.7Measurement scheme
8.2.8Test results
8.3Application example of P2P Internet online hybrid test
8.3.1Project brief
8.3.2Target Structure
8.3.3Substructures
8.3.4Improved test scheme of P2P framework
8.3.5Numerical analyses by P2P framework
8.3.6Distributed test environment
8.3.7Implementation of tested substructures
8.3.8Distributed test
8.3.9Verification of P2P framework
8.3.10Efficiency of P2P framework
8.3.11Practical evaluation of collapse limit of the frame
8.3.12Complex behavior of column bases
8.4Conclusions
CHAPTER 9Summary and Conclusions
9.1Summary and conclusions
9.2Time integration algorithms
9.3Online hybrid test using mixed control
9.4Internet Online Hybrid Test Using Host?Station Framework
9.5Separated?model framework and its demonstration examples
9.6Peer?to?peer framework and its preliminary demonstration
test
9.7Application of online hybrid test in engineering practice
APPENDIX ⅠList of Exiting Time Integration Algorithms
APPENDIX ⅡImplementation of OS Method
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