第一章宪法学基本理论1
第一节宪法学的基本问题1
一、宪法学的概念1
二、宪法学的研究对象1
第二节宪法释义2
一、词源学意义上的宪法含义2
二、法学意义上的宪法含义3
第三节中国宪法形式与宪法结构6
一、中国宪法的主要渊源6
二、我国宪法的结构15
第四节宪法的原则17
一、人民主权原则17
二、基本人权原则20
三、权力制约原则24
四、法治原则29
第五节宪法的效力31
一、宪法效力概述31
二、宪法效力的特点31
三、我国关于私人行为宪法效力的研究及实践33
第六节宪法与宪政36
一、宪政概述36
二、社会主义国家与宪政40
第二章宪法的创制43
第一节宪法的创制43
一、宪法的制定43
二、中国现行的宪法解释制度及其实践45
第三章中国宪法的历史与发展50
第一节1949年前中国宪法的历史50
一、宪政问题在中国的最初提出50
二、资产阶级民主共和国的宪法方案52
三、人民革命根据地的宪法性文件54
第二节1949年后中国宪法的历史与发展55
一、《中国人民政治协商会议共同纲领》55
二、“五四宪法”56
三、“八二宪法”及修正57
第四章国家制度上62
第一节国家性质62
一、中国的国家性质62
二、我国人民民主专政的基本内容64
第二节中国的政党制度67
一、我国现有政党概述67
二、中国共产党领导的多党合作和政治协商制度68
三、中国人民政治协商会议73
第三节中国的政权组织形式74
一、政权组织形式的界定74
二、我国的政权组织形式：人民代表大会制75
第四节选举制度78
一、选举制度概述78
二、我国的选举制度78
第五章国家制度下90
第一节国家结构形式90
一、国家结构形式概述90
二、我国的国家结构形式及其特点91
三、我国的行政区划制度92
第二节民族区域自治制度与特别行政区制度99
一、民族区域自治制度99
二、特别行政区制度103
第六章公民的基本权利和义务111
第一节公民的基本权利与义务概述111
一、我国公民基本权利与义务规定的特点111
二、“人权”入宪与中国的人权保障117
第二节我国公民的基本权利119
一、中国宪法中基本权利的主体119
二、我国公民基本权利体系122
第三节我国公民的基本义务149
一、维护祖国统一和民族团结149
二、遵守法纪和公德义务150
三、维护祖国安全、荣誉和利益义务152
四、保卫祖国义务152
五、依法纳税义务153
第七章中央国家机构155
第一节我国国家机构的组织和活动原则155
一、民主集中制原则155
二、社会主义法治原则156
三、责任制原则157
第二节最高权力机关158
一、全国人民代表大会158
二、全国人民代表大会各委员会163
三、全国人民代表大会代表164
第三节国家元首166
一、国家主席的产生和任期166
二、国家主席的职权167
三、国家副主席的工作168
第四节中央行政机关169
一、中央行政机关的性质和地位169
二、国务院的组成和任期169
三、国务院的领导体制170
四、国务院的职权171
五、国务院所属各部、各委员会173
第五节中央军事委员会174
一、中央军事委员会的性质和地位174
二、中央军事委员会的组成和任期174
三、中央军事委员会的责任175
第八章地方国家机构176
第一节地方各级人民代表大会及地方各级人民政府176
一、地方各级人民代表大会176
二、地方各级人民代表大会常务委员会180
三、地方各级人民政府182
第二节民族自治机关和特别行政区机关185
一、民族自治地方的自治机关185
二、特别行政区的国家机关186
第四节人民法院和人民检察院193
一、人民法院193
二、人民检察院196
第九章我国的基层群众自治制度198
第一节村民自治199
一、村民自治机关199
二、村民自治权利201
第二节城市居民自治203
一、城市居民自治机关203
二、城市居民自治权利206
后记207ContentsContents
Chapter 1Fundamental Theories of Constitution1
1.1Fundamental Questions of Constitution1
1.1.1The Concept of Constitution1
1.1.2The Research Object of Constitution1
1.2Interpretation of Constitution2
1.2.1The Meaning of Constitution in Etymology2
1.2.2The Meaning of Constitution in the Science of Law3
1.3Form and Structure of China’s Constitution6
1.3.1The Main Original Forms of China’s Constitution6
1.3.2The Structure of the Constitution of China15
1.4The Principle of a Constitution17
1.4.1The Principle of Sovereignty of the People17
1.4.2Fundamental Human Rights20
1.4.3Restraint of Power24
1.4.4The Principle of the Rule of Law29
1.5The Validity of Constitution31
1.5.1Introduction to the Validity of Constitution31
1.5.2Features of the Validity of Constitution31
1.5.3The Study and Practice of Constitutional Effect on Private
Behavior in China33
1.6Constitution and Constitutionalism36
1.6.1Introduction to Constitutionalism36
1.6.2Socialist Country and Constitutionalism40
Chapter 2The Initiatives of Constitution43
2.1The Initiatives of Constitution43
2.1.1The Formulation of a Constitution43
2.1.2The Interpreting System and Its Practice for the Current
Constitution of China45
Chapter 3The History and Development of the Constitution of
China50
3.1The History of the Constitution of China before 194950
3.1.1Initial Mention of Constitution in China50
3.1.2Constitution Scheme of Chinese Bourgeois Democratic
Pepublic52
3.1.3Constitutional Documents during the Revolutionary Base Area
Period54
3.2The History and Development of Constitution of China after
194955
3.2.1Common Program55
3.2.2The Constitution of 1954 56
3.2.3The Constitution of 1982 and Its Amendments57
Chapter 4The State System Part One62
4.1Nature of the State62
4.1.1Nature of the State of China62
4.1.2The Basic Content for the People’s Democratic Dictatorship of
Our Country64
4.2Political Party System of China67
4.2.1Overview of the Current Political Parties67
4.2.2The System of the Multi?Party Cooperation and Political
Consultation Led
by the Communist Party of China68
4.2.3The Chinese People’s Political Consultative
Conference73
4.3Organizational Form of Political Power of China74
4.3.1Definition of Organizational Form of Political Power74
4.3.2Organizational Form of Political Power of Our Country：the
System of
the People’s Congress75
4.4Electoral System78
4.4.1Summary of Electoral System78
4.4.2Electoral System of China78
Chapter 5The State System Part Two90
5.1State Structure90
5.1.1Introduction to State Structure90
5.1.2The State Structure and Its Features of China91
5.1.3The Administrative Division System of China92
5.2The Regional National Autonomy System and the Special
Administrative Region System99
5.2.1The Regional National Autonomous System99
5.2.2The Special Administrative Region System103
Chapter 6The Fundamental Rights and Duties of Citizens111
6.1Introduction to the Fundamental Rights and Duties of
Citizens111
6.1.1The Features of the Fundamental Rights and Duties of Citizens
in
China’s Constitution111
6.1.2Human Rights Written into the Constitution and the Guarantee
of
China’s Human Rights117
6.2The Fundamental Rights of Citizens of China119
6.2.1The Subject of the Fundamental Rights in China’s
Constitution119
6.2.2The Fundamental Rights System of Citizens in China122
6.3The Fundamental Duties of Citizens of China149
6.3.1The Duty to Safeguard the Unity of the Country and the Unity
of
All Its Nationalities149
6.3.2The Duty to Abide by Laws and Disciplines， as well as Social
Ethics150
6.3.3The Duty to Safeguard the Security， Honour and Interests of
the Motherland152
6.3.4The Duty to Defend the Motherland152
6.3.5The Duty to Pay Taxes in accordance with the Law153
Chapter 7Central State Organs155
7.1Principles for the Organization and Activities of State Organs
in China155
7.1.1Principle of Democratic Centralism155
7.1.2Socialist Principle of the Rule of Law156
7.1.3Principle of Accountability157
7.2The Highest Authority158
7.2.1The National People’s Congress158
7.2.2The Committees of the National People’s Congress163
7.2.3Deputies to the National People’s Congress164
7.3Head of the State166
7.3.1Election and Term of Office of the President166
7.3.2Functions and Powers of the President167
7.3.3Work of the Vice?President168
7.4Central Administrative Organs169
7.4.1The Nature and Status of the Central Administrative
Organs169
7.4.2Composition and Term of Office of the State Council169
7.4.3Leadership System of the State Council170
7.4.4Functions and Powers of the State Council171
7.4.5Ministries and Commissions under the State Council173
7.5The Central Military Commission174
7.5.1Nature and Status of the Central Military
Commission174
7.5.2Composition and Term of Office of the Central Military
Commission174
7.5.3Responsibility of the Central Military Commission175
Chapter 8Local State Organs176
8.1Local People’s Congresses and Local People’s Government at
Various Levels176
8.1.1Local People’s Congresses at Various Levels176
8.1.2The Standing Committees of Local People’s Congresses at
Various Levels180
8.1.3Local People’s Governments at Various Levels182
8.2National Autonomous Organs and the Organs of the Special
Administrative Regions185
8.2.1The Organs of Self?government of National Autonomous
Area185
8.2.2The Organs of the Special Administrative Regions186
8.4The People’s Courts and the People’s Procuratorates193
8.4.1The People’s Courts193
8.4.2The People’s Procuratorates196
Chapter 9Self?government System of the Grass?roots198
9.1Self?government of Villagers199
9.1.1Organs of Villagers’ Self?government199
9.1.2Rights of Villagers Self?government201
9.2Self?government of Urban Residents203
9.2.1Organs of Urban Residents Self?government203
9.2.2Rights of Urban Residents’ Self?government206
Epilogue208
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