1 Introduction
2 Quantities of Spectroscopy
2．1 Radiometric Quantities
2．2 Measured Quantities
2．3 Local Quantities
2．3．1 Homogeneous Plasmas
2．3．2 Axially and Spherically Symmetric Plasmas
2．3．3 Plasmas Without Symmetry
2．4 Radiance of Plasmas with Re—Absorption
3 Spectroscopic Instruments
3．1 C；eneral Considerations
3．2 Dispersing Elements
3．2．1 Prisms
3．2．2 Gratings
3．2．3 Crystals
3．2．4 Interferometers
3．3 Windows，Filters，Mirrors，Optics
3．3．1 Windows
3．3．2 Filters
3．3．3 Mirrors
3．3．4 Optics
3．4 Spectrometer Designs
3．4．1 Prism Spectrometers
3．4．2 Spectrometers with a Plane Grating．
3．4．3 Spectrometers with a Concave Grating．
3．4．4 Spectrometers with Transmission Grating
3．4．5 Crystal Spectrometers．
3．4．6 Interterfometric Spectrometers
3．5 Alignment and ADDaratus Function
4 Detectors
4．1 General Properties
4．2 Photoemissive Detectors
4．2．1 Photocells
4．2．2 Photomultipliers
4．2．3 Channel Photomultipliers and Microchannel P1ates
4．3 Semiconductor Detectors
4．3．1 Photoconductors
4．3．2 Photodiodes
4．3．3 Array Detectors
4．4 Photoionization Detectors
4．4．1 Ionization Chambers
4．4．2 Proportional Chambers
4．4．3 Multiwire Proportional Chambers
4．4．4 Gas Amplification Detectors
4．5 Miscellaneous Detectors
5 Calibration
5．1Wavelength Calibration
5．2 Sensitivity Calibration
5．2．1 Some General Considerations
5．2．2 UV to Near—Infrared
5．2．3 Vacuum-Ultraviolet
5．2．4 X—ray Region
6 Radiative Processes in Plasmas
6．1 Overview
6．2 Line Radiation
6．2．1 Emission and Absorption by Atoms and Ions
6．2．2 Emission by Molecules
6．2．3 Theoretical Considerations and Scaling Laws
6．3 Continuum Radiation
6．3．1 Recombination Radiation and Photoionization
6．3．2 Bremsstrahlung
6．3．3 Negative Ion and Molecular Continua
6．3．4 Rate Coefficients for Radiative Recombination
7 Collisional Processes
7．1Introductory Remarks
7．2 Collisional Excitation and Deexcitation by Electron Impacts
7．3 Electron Impact Ionization and Three—Body Recombination
7．4 Dielectronic Recombination and Autoionization
7．5 Charge Exchange Processes
7．6 Ion and Atom Impact Excitation and Ionization
8 Kinetics of the Population of Atomic
Levels in Plasmas
8．1 Introductory Re：marks
8．2 Thermodynamic Equilibrium Re!lations
8．3 Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium
8．4 Corona Equilibrium
8．5 Collisional Radiative Models
9 Line Broadening
9．1 Profile Functions
9．2 Broadening Mechanisms
9．2．1 Natural Broadening
9．2．2 Doppler Broadening
9．2．3 Pressure Broadening by Neutral Particles．
9．2．4 Stark Broadening
9．2．5 Effects of Collective Fields
9．2．6 Magnetic Field Effects
9．2．7 Broadening due to Self-Absorption
10 Diagnostic Applications
10．1 verification of Atomic Data．
10．2 Measurements of Particle Densities
10．2．1 Particle Densities from Line Emission
10．2．2 Particle Densities Employing Injected Fast Beams
10．2．3 Density of Molecules
10．2．4 Actinometry
10．2．5 Particle Densities from Absorption Measurements
10．2．6 Ratio of Particle Densities from the Spectra
of Helium-like Ions
10．3 Temperature Measurements
10．3．1 Atom，Molecule，and Ion Temperature
10．3．2 Electron Temperature
10．4 Measurements of the Electron Density
10．4．1 Electron Densities from Line Profiles
10．4．2 Electron Densities from the Ratio of Lines
10．4．3 Electron Densities from the Continuum Emission at Long
Wavelengths
10．4．4 Electron Densities from Other Spectroscopic
CIbservations
10．5 Electric and Magnetic Field Measurements
10．5．1 Magnetic Fields
10．5．2 Electric Fields
A Appendix
A．1 List of Symbols
B Appendix
B．1 Data Centers
C Appendix
C．1Atomic Constants and Quantities
C．2 Some Atomic Relations
References
Index
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