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本书共14个单元，内容包括先进制造技术、机械设计与加工、数控原理及编程、航空航天技术、机电一体化技术、自动控制系统及自动生产线、典型工业控制器和软件、工业机器人、数字信号处理、虚拟仪器仪表、人机交互、虚拟现实、人工智能、物联网技术、电子商务等方面的英文材料。本书在强调专业知识的基础上，加强学生对科技文章词汇、结构、特点、语法的认识。使学生在学习结束后，在掌握专业词汇的基础上，能够独立阅读、检索、分析、撰写典型的科技文章。
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Contents
Unit1ReadingMaterial3DPrinting
ExtensiveReadingAdvancedManufacturingTechnology
KnowledgeLink科技英语的阅读方法和技巧
RolePlaying
Unit2ReadingMaterialTraditionalMachiningProcesses
ExtensiveReadingMachineDesign
KnowledgeLink科技英语翻译概述
RolePlaying
Unit3ReadingMaterialMetalMaterials
ExtensiveReadingTechnicalDrawingCAD
KnowledgeLink科技文章的篇章结构
RolePlaying
Unit4ReadingMaterialFundamentalsofNumericalControl
ExtensiveReadingCNCMachineTools
KnowledgeLink科技英语的句型特点
RolePlaying
Unit5ReadingMaterialNCProgramming
ExtensiveReadingFaultDiagnosisandActionforNCMachine
KnowledgeLink科技英语的词汇构成和特点1
RolePlaying
Unit6ReadingMaterialTheFactoryoftheFuture
ExtensiveReadingTheShenzhouSpaceship
KnowledgeLink科技英语的词汇构成和特点2
RolePlaying
Unit7ReadingMaterialMechatronicsTechnology
ExtensiveReadingIntrodctiontoLabVIEW
KnowledgeLink科技英语的表达方式
RolePlaying
Unit8ReadingMaterialIndustrialRobot
ExtensiveReadingServoMotor
KnowledgeLink科技英语词汇的增减翻译及转译
RolePlaying
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Unit1
ReadingMaterial
3DPrinting
ABSTRACT:Theindustrialrevolutionofthelate18thcenturymadepossiblethemassproductionofgoods,therebycreatingeconomiesofscalewhichchangedtheeconomyandsocietyinwaysthatnobodycouldhaveimaginedatthetime.[1]Nowanewmanufacturingtechnologyhasemergedwhichdoestheopposite.Three-dimensionalprintingmakesitascheaptocreatesingleitemsasitistoproducethousandsandthusundermineseconomiesofscale.[2]Itmayhaveasprofoundanimpactontheworldasthecomingofthefactorydid.
KEYWORDS:3Dprinting;production;principle
Theterm"3Dprinting"wascoinedatMITin1995whengraduatestudentsJimBredtandTimAndersonmodifiedaninkjetprintertoextrudeabindingsolutionontoabedofpowder,ratherthaninkontopaperFig.1-1.Theensuingpatentledtothecreationofmodern3DprintingcompaniesZCorporationfoundedbyBredtandAndersonandExOne.
Fig.1-1Theprinciplemodelof3Dprinter
Itworkslikethis.Firstyoucallupablueprintdigitalmodelonyourcomputerscreenandtinkerwithitsshapeandcolorwherenecessary.Thenyoupressprint.Amachinenearbywhirrsintolifeandbuildsuptheobjectgraduallyeitherbydepositingmaterialfromanozzle,orbyselectivelysolidifyingathinlayerofplasticormetaldustusingtinydropsofglueoratightlyfocusedbeam.[3]Productsarethusbuiltupbyprogressivelyaddingmaterial,onelayeratatime,hencethetechnology''sothername,additivemanufacturing.Eventuallytheobjectinquestion—asparepartforyourcar,alampshade,aviolin—popsout.Fig.1-2Thebeautyofthetechnologyisthatitdoesnotneedtohappeninafactory.Smallitemscanbemadebyamachinelikeadesktopprinter,inthecornerofanoffice,ashoporevenahouse;bigitemslikebicycleframes,panelsforcars,aircraftpartsneedalargermachine,andabitmorespace.
Fig.1-2Thecomponentsthrough3Dprinting
Theadditiveapproachtomanufacturinghasseveralbigadvantagesovertheconventionalone.Itcutscostsbygettingridofproductionlines.Itreduceswasteenormously,requiringaslittleasone-tenthoftheamountofmaterial.Itallowsthecreationofpartsinshapesthatconventionaltechniquescannotachieve,resultinginnew,muchmoreefficientdesignsinaircraftwingsorheatexchangers,forexample.Itenablestheproductionofasingleitemquicklyandcheaply—andthenanotheroneafterthedesignhasbeenrefined.
Atthemomenttheprocessispossibleonlywithcertainmaterialsplastics,resinsandmetalsandwithaprecisionofaroundatenthofamillimeter.Aswithcomputinginthelate1970s,itiscurrentlythepreserveofhobbyistsandworkersinafewacademicandindustrialniches.Butlikecomputingbeforeit,3Dprintingisspreadingfastasthetechnologyimprovesandcostsfall.Abasic3Dprinter,alsoknownasafabricatoror“fabber”,[4]nowcostslessthanalaserprinterdidin1985.
Thetechnologywillhaveimplicationsnotjustforthedistributionofcapitalandjobs,butalsoforintellectual-propertyIPrules.Whenobjectscanbedescribedinadigitalfile,theybecomemucheasiertocopyanddistribute.Justaskthemusicindustry.Whentheblueprintsforanewtoy,oradesignershoe,escapeontotheinternet,thechancesthattheowneroftheIPwillloseoutaregreater.
Justasnobodycouldhavepredictedtheimpactofthesteamenginein1750,ortheprintingpressin1450,orthetransistorin1950,itisimpossibletoforeseethelong-termimpactof3Dprinting.Butthetechnologyiscoming,anditislikelytodisrupteveryfieldittouches.Companies,regulatorsandentrepreneursshouldstartthinkingaboutitnow.Onething,atleast,seemsclear:although3Dprintingwillcreatewinnersandlosersintheshortterm,inthelongrunitwillexpandtherealmofindustry.
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