Mesoscale Meteorology in Mid-Latitudes presents the
dynamics of mesoscale meteorological phenomena in a highly
accessible, student-friendly manner. The book''s clear mathematical
treatments are complimented by high-quality photographs and
illustrations. Comprehensive coverage of subjects including
boundary layer mesoscale phenomena, orographic phenomena and deep
convection is brought together with the latest developments in the
field to provide an invaluable resource for mesoscale meteorol
內容簡介：
"Markowski and Richardson both meteorology, Penn State U.
deliver a very accessible advanced text on the dynamics of
mesoscale meteorological phenomena, including boundary layer
mesoscale phenomena, orographic phenomena and deep convection . . .
an eye-pleasing design and extensive use of color photographs and
illustrations make this book especially usable as both an
undergraduate text and as a reference for graduate students,
researchers, and meteorologists." Booknews, 1 April 2011
目錄：
Series Foreword.
Preface.
Acknowledgments.
List of Symbols.
Part I. General Principles.
1. What is the Mesoscale?
1.1 Space and time scales.
1.2 Dynamical distinctions between the mesoscale and synoptic
scale.
2. Basic Equations and Tools.
2.1 Thermodynamics.
2.2 Mass conservation.
2.3 Momentum equations.
2.4 Vorticity and circulation.
2.5 Pressure perturbations.
2.6 Thermodynamic diagrams.
2.7 Hodographs.
3. Mesoscale Instabilities.
3.1 Static instability.
3.2 Centrifugal instability.
3.3 Inertial instability.
3.4 Symmetric instability.
3.5 Shear instability.
Part II. Lower Tropospheric Mesoscale
Phenomena.
4. The Boundary Layer.
4.1 The nature of turbulent fluxes.
4.2 Surface energy budget.
4.3 Structure and evolution of the boundary layer.
4.4 Boundary layer convection.
4.5 Lake-effect convection.
4.6 Urban boundary layers.
4.7 The nocturnal low-level wind maximum.
5. Air Mass Boundaries.
5.1 Synoptic fronts.
5.2 Drylines.
5.3 Outflow boundaries.
5.4 Mesoscale boundaries originating from differential surface
heating.
6. Mesoscale Gravity Waves.
6.1 Basic wave conventions.
6.2 Internal gravity wave dynamics.
6.3 Wave reflection.
6.4 Critical levels.
6.5 Structure and environments of ducted mesoscale gravity
waves.
6.6 Bores.
Part III. Deep Moist Convection.
7. Convection Initiation.
7.1 Requisites for convection initiation and the role of larger
scales.
7.2 Mesoscale complexities of convection initiation.
7.3 Moisture convergence.
7.4 Elevated convection.
8. Organization of Isolated Convection.
8.1 Role of vertical wind shear.
8.2 Single-cell convection.
8.3 Multicellular convection.
8.4 Supercellular convection.
9. Mesoscale Convective Systems.
9.1 General characteristics.
9.2 Squall line structure.
9.3 Squall line maintenance.
9.4 Rear inflow and bow echoes.
9.5 Mesoscale convection complexes.
10. Hazards Associated with Deep Moist Convection.
10.1 Tornadoes.
10.2 Nontornadic, damaging straight-line winds.
10.3 Hailstorms.
10.4 Flash floods.
Part IV. Orographic Mesoscale Phenomena.
11. Thermally Forced Winds in Mountainous Terrain.
11.1 Slope winds.
11.2 Valley winds.
12. Mountain Waves and Downslope Windstorms.
12.1 Internal gravity waves forced by two-dimensional
terrain.
12.2 Gravity waves forced by isolated peaks.
12.3 Downslope windstorms.
12.4 Rotors.
13. Blocking of the Wind Terrain.
13.1 Factors that govern whether air flows over or around a
terrain obstacle.
13.2 Orographically trapped cold-air surges.
13.3 Lee vortices.
13.4 Gap flows.
Part V. Appendix.
A. Radar and Its Applications.
A.1 Radar basics.
A.2 Doppler radar principles.
A.3 Applications.
References.
Index.
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