Chapter One Liberalism
Ideological Origins of International Politics Theories of
Liberalism
Hugo Grotius'' thought of intemational politics
John Locke''s thought of international politics
Jean-Jacques Rousseau''s thought of intemational politics
Immanuel Kant''s thought of international politics
Jeremy Bentham''s thought of international politics
Idealism
Woodrow Wilson''s thought of international politics
Alfred Zimmern''s thought of international politics
John Murray''s thought of international politics
Appraisement for idealism
Interdependence Liberalism
Defining interdependence
Joseph Nye and Robert Keohane''s thought of complex
interdependence
Neoliberal institutionalism
Robert Keohane''s international regimes theory
Oran Young''s international regime theory
Republican Liberalism
Democratic peace theory
Michael Doyle''s thought of democratic peace
Bruce Russett''s thought of democratic peace
Chapter Two Realism
Legacy of Realism
Thucydides and the History of the Peloponnesian War
Niccolo Machiavelli and The Prince
Thomas Hobbes and the Leviathan
George Hegel''s thought of realism
Max Weber''s thought of realism
Classical Realism
E H Carr and The Twenty Years'' Crisis
Reinhold Niebuhr''s thought of Christian realism
Hans Morgenthau and Politics among Nations
George Kennan and strategy of containment
Raymond Aron and Peace and War
John Herz''s thought between realism and idealism
Henry Kissinger and diplomatic thought of realism
Neo-realism
Kenneth Waltz and Theory of In,tern,ational Politics
Robert Gilpin and War an,d Change in World Politics
The New Development of Realism
Offensive realism
Defensive realism
Neoclassical Realism
Appraisement for Realism
Chapter Three Scientific Behavioralism
Chapter Four English School
Chapter Five Constructivism
Chapter Six Marxism
內容試閱：
The non-aggression is a key moral principle in Locke''s
thoughts of natural law. Natural law has offered people a kind of
moral principle， but it cannot be possibly obeyed， even natural
rights can be deprived of. Although states and individuals in
international relations don''t have the rights to use forces， some
just states and their allies should use them to punish those who
infringe upon natural rights.
Lockean states should be in the state of peace with others，
unless they have been attacked or their rights have been infringed
on. Sometimes just states can possibly be
sunk in the war because of complex and volatile international
environments. But the peaceful strategy of Lockean liberalism will
avoid or bring down frequent wars based on the improvement of
international regimes and the regulation of international law.
According to Locke， there was no generally recognized sovereign
state in the state of anarchy， but mutual relationship could be
developed and contracts could be concluded， which would lessen
harmfulness of anarchy. 0
Indeed， Locke has offered the powerful moral basis of liberalism
for the principles of present international law， and the thought of
limited value of liberalism in international relations. So his
thoughts have far-reaching academic value and theoretical
significance for the research of present international
politics.
Jean-Jacques Rousseau''s thought of international politics
Jean-Jacques Rousseau （1712~1778） ， French philosopher， social
and political theorist， one of the most influential thinkers during
the Enlightenment in eighteenth century''s Europe. Rousseau was born
in Geneva， Switzerland on June 28， 1712. His father got into a
quarrel with a French captain， and at the risk of imprisonment，
left Geneva for the rest of his life. Rousseau fist stayed behind
and was cared for by an uncle， then he left Geneva in 1728， and
fled to Annecy. In 1742 Rousseau went to Paris to become a musician
and composer. After two years， he spent serving a post at the
French Embassy in Venice. It was also during this time that
Rousseau became friendly with the philosophers Condillac and
Diderot. He worked on several articles on music for Diderot and
d''Alembert''s Encyclopedie. In 1755， he published Discourse on the
Origin of In，equ，ality among Men.，which made him achieve instant
success. Afterwards， Rousseau isolated himself from society for six
years to work at writing. In 1762， he published his most important
work on political theory， The Social Contract， which made him great
success. That same year， he published a book on education， Emile.
Paris authorities condemned both of the books， primarily for claims
Rousseau made in them about religion， which forced him to flee
France. He settled in Switzerland and in 1764 he began writing his
autobiography， Confessions. A year later， after encountering
difficulties with Swiss authorities， he spent time in Berlin and
Paris， and eventually moved to England at the invitation of David
Hume. However， due to quarrels with Hume， his stay in England
lasted only a year， and in 1767 he returned to France. Rousseau
copied music for a living. He died on July 3， 1778. His Confessions
were published several years after his death; and his later
political writings， in the nineteenth century.
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